Browsing by Author "Zeleke, Tesfaye"

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    Assessing the Role of Cultural Attractions at Merkato Market for Tourism Development in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Birega, Birhanu; Zeleke, Tesfaye
    Now a day, culture is a major asset for tourism developmentand it is serving as a major factor in the attractiveness of most destinations like Merkato which is an open air market and cultural destination in Addis Ababa City that stands to signify Ethiopian cultural spots. Despite the fact that Merkato cultural attractions play a significant role for tourism development, they were not properly tapped and managed to sustain as a remarkable attraction. Hence this study was designed assessing the role of cultural attraction at Merkato market for tourism development in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs, Quantitative data were gathered from both international and domestic tourists and owners of shopping and qualitative data were collected through the semistructured interviews from tour operators ,tour guide, government sector .Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain data among 300 hundred sampled participants for interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively.The major attraction of Merkato are rich anddiverse; they comprisereligious institution and their cultural product, souvenirs’ shop, various species, cultural medicine, social interaction tera and berend that explained what they did inside. The findings of thestudy revealed that Merkato open air market now a day’s encounters several challenges, such as lacks of parking area. Safety and security, traffic conjunction, fluctuations in price of cultural attractions and opens air market transactions moving to modern building construction. Due to these factors the biggest open air market has been diminishing its attractiveness. But, this cultural attraction for tourism development plays a huge contribution to the development of a country, so that the government has understood the tourism potentials of the country and made some progresses toward enhancement, protection, promotion, preservation, and sustainable utilization of all cultural. So, the researcher suggested government and different stakeholders to provide required attention to keep this nonrenewable cultural attraction.
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    Interaction, Institutions and Impacts of Tourism on the Bishoftu-Modjo- Hawassa Route, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Zeleke, Tesfaye; Noble, Hugo (PhD); Nigussie., Taye (PhD)
    The Bishoftu-Modjo-Hawassa tourist route bestows enjoyable natural and cultural tourist attractions both to domestic and international tourists. It hosts lakes, hot springs, parks and cultural events that uniquely epitomize tourism phenomena in central Ethiopia. A seemingly simple tourist-local contact, that takes place in and around the attraction sites, opens windows of opportunities to forge short- and long-term relationships between tourists and locals. As a result, the central thesis of the dissertation deals with the examination of tourist-local interaction, social exchange relations, local tourism institutions and resultant impacts on the residents. The empirical assessments elsewhere in Ethiopia and the circumstances on the route have conferred the paucity of sociological research on tourist-local interaction, social-exchange relations, institutional interventions and impacts. This study borrowed the pragmatist research philosophy that advocates ontological and epistemological mixes in an effort to explore and minimize the gaps noted on the empirical knowledge. As an extension of the pragmatist philosophy, the research strategy employs the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods. As mirror to the methodological triangulation, the analysis has followed a convergent design that combines descriptive and inferential techniques with the themes emerging through qualitative explorations. A mix of the tenets of Interactionism, Social Exchange Theory and Theories of Modernity [global cultural flows and risk thesis] deployed to carry out the analysis of concepts, facts, numbers and themes, which proliferate as arguments. The propositions of these theories have witnessed their practical relevance in the investigation of tourist-local interaction, social exchange practices and impacts. Besides, the developmental perspective and ideology adopted by the Ethiopian government provided insights to the policy and strategic discussions pertaining to the operation of tourism institutions and the phenomena of tourism on the route. The findings of the research revealed that the natural tourist attraction settings on the Bishoftu-Modjo- Hawassa route constitute the spots where tourist-local interrelationships emerge and take distinctive forms. The emerging interrelationships pave the ground for intercultural exchanges that recur between tourists and locals. The intercultural exchanges have involved the circulation of cultural traits, economic assets and lifestyles. Both the processes of interaction and exchange relations have pushed away the ordinary locals to the fringes of experiencing the fruits of interaction and exchange relations. In connection, the roles of the tourism institutions in mediating interactional and exchange practices are either negligible or taken for granted. Poor coordination, limitation of resources and shallow integrations with the wider community are characteristics of local tourism institutions on the route. Based on categorical classifications of the level interaction, the survey result has conferred that the level of tourist-local interaction on the route fell under moderate level i.e. not low or high. The Chi- Square Test of Association run for factors such as gender of tourists, age of tourists, cycles of tourists’ visit to a site per day, locals’ religious denomination, educational attainment of the locals and occupational categories of the locals have shown statistically significant relations, at [α=0.05], with the level of tourist-local interaction. The Multinomial Logistic Regression Model identified that the number of tourists in a traveling group and the educational attainment of the locals are among the significant predictors that distinguished locals who have high level of interaction with the tourists xix from those locals who have low interaction in reference to those locals who experienced moderate level of interaction with the tourists. One of the core findings of the study was the consequences of interactional and exchange practices on the local residents, which took two forms: (a) beneficial, and (b) disruptive. For the community subsegments up front in the interactional ladders, particularly for local guides and service providers, the phenomena of interaction and exchange has continued to create livelihood options, generated employment opportunities, diversified their income sources and boosted their mutual communications with tourists. The Chi-Square Test of Association for each of these variables, in turn, hold significant associations with the level of the positive consequences of tourism on the locals, at [α=0.05]. However, the strengths of their associations were weak. On the downside, tourist-local interactions and exchange practices have affected the sanctity of (a) locals’ cultural traits, (b) their environment, in addition to fueling the spread of social ills such as begging and theft. As a whole, the beneficial consequences surpass the disruptions caused via tourism on the route. The research results implicate on multitudes of issues. Above all, there is a need to integrate efforts towards the mobilization of tourism resources for local, regional and national developments. Secondly, in order to do so, the policies and strategies should align the stronger tunes of the rhetoric with the practices in the local structures and institutions. Thirdly, the results underlined the importance of better coordination and networking among the tourism establishments and major players. Finally, the study results call for strong community-tourism industry linkage in the endeavors to undertake rigorous and applied research. In addition to contributing to the institutionalization of sociology of tourism in Ethiopia, the attainment of these implications would enable harnessing and realizing the potential of tourism for social development
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    Water Rigrhts and the Processes of Negotiations among Irrigators in West Shew a Zone: The Case of Inoris Scheme in Toke Kutaye District
    (AAU, 2007-08) Zeleke, Tesfaye; Nigussie, Taye(PhD)
    'Ihough wat r rights ar ' at the . re oj exploitillg wat ' r resollrcesjor irrtg tlOlI/llrpo "', trivial ' II I'll.' W I'e ifjef"d I Ihe ' I 'e oj Illdris irrig Ilioll s 'heme ill 7ok' Kilt di Iri I in Wesl 'hewa. Th hislori 'af backgroulld I/(j d ' ve fopmelll oj Ih ' . h me ha beell pre 'enled ill I 'olllellliolls mallller. Th , augm ' nlillg IIIImb 'r oj compelilors 100 paved Ihe way jar conflicts thaI recllrrently erupt Ollt alld illevilabl lead to a .~·u ce 'sion oj lIeg tiatioll proces ·es. Wilh the inception oj '/lch mi 'Si1l 7 guljs, this re . 'arch aimed /0 scrutinize waler rights and the processes oj negotiations among irrigalors along Indri modem scheme, ill Toke Kutaye district. To mailllaill Ihis objective, qualitative anthropological methods' were predominantly utilized CLS' the main data generating research lools in the field The findings oj the research depicted that Indris scheme marked three sigllificant phases ill its historical development. In these phases, explorations pertaining to water rights and processes of negotiations were jOlll1d to he at their immature ground. While the elements of the riparian doctrine qf waler rights preponderated during its initial phase, the componenls of appropriative doclrine pronounced more at its middle age. A mix of ingredients from both doctrines interwoven with certain extra requirements determined the water right access of users since the conversion of the scheme illto a modem style. Multiple water right rules emanating both from the customary and formal water acts have co-existed to direct the actions of users. In this regard, the theoretical orientations of legal pluralism in water right paradigms proved to coincide with the pragmatic contexts of water users from the scheme. Conflicts in connection to irrigation water use and righls, that have escalated over years, have been altribllted to the decline in the voillme ofwaler resources, institutionalfailllres to address the causes adeqllately, week observance 0 11 governing water right rules and increaSing demand of lIsers. As a result, negotiation processes aiming to settle dispules were repeatedly initiated either by users, committee members (elders) or courts. The procedures pursed to narrow the contrasting interests around the scheme verified the pragmatic applicability of the central arguments of hoth cyclical alld developmental models of negotiation processes discussed thoroughly by Gulliver. Thus, in the face of growing demand~' on a declining water resource, the findings of this research revealed out that concerned individuals or relevant instillltiollS need to exert fllrther endeavor on the formulation oj water poliCies that clearly stiplliate specific irrigation waleI' entitlements oj 1Isers in a turmoil environment. Enforcemellts 0 11 the jrame oj references set on the water manila I need to be rigorously checked on practical implementations. Consciousness hllildings 0 11 irrigatiol1 waler right claims, promotion of negotiated approaches in disputes alld particular accentuation on customary rules of resource use constituted the dimensions seeking meticulous considerations il1 prospect.