Browsing by Author "Yonas Adaye (PhD)"

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    Chinese Investment in Ethiopia and Its Implications to Environmental Security: The Case of Eastern Industry Zone
    (Addis Ababa University,, 2019-06) Betremussie Getinet; Yonas Adaye (PhD)
    Environmental security, which is very important element of human security, is now highly challenged by investment projects of which industrial sectors are taking the highest share. The large scale influx of FDIs especially in sectors such as manufacturing industries is heightening environmental pressures on the host country. Such FDI related environmental problems may force the people who are originally living around the areas at where those FDIs operated to experience a negative impact on their overall security. This thesis is focuses on the implications of Chinese FDI in Ethiopia to environmental security by taking the case of east industrial zone which is one of the Chinese owned mega investment projects in Ethiopia with a high potential of posing environmental challenges. Many argue that most FDIs conducted by China particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia are always been the subject of criticism most of it deserved. The overall objective of this study is to explore the implications of eastern industrial zone to the wellbeing of the local environment. Qualitative research methods with exploratory research design were adopted. The tools used to gather the data were primary sources (in-depth interviews with members of the community, key informants interview with concerned experts in the area and the issue) and via personal observation. Non probability (purposive and snowball) sampling technique was employed to select the participants. The result of the study reveals that east industrial zone is posing serious environmental threats up on the communities living near around it. Among others, the discharge of untreated wastes and effluents, noise and air pollution and problems associated with its poor drainage system are the major and the most common environmental problems associated with the zone. Such environmental problems which are occurred due to east industrial zone are exposing the local residents for a multitude of economic, social and health problems. According to the study, these environmental challenges are posed mainly because of the irresponsive and negligence behavior of the companies found in the industry zone. Companies in the zone are focusing mainly on earning economic profits at any cost including the environment. The host country‟s weak capacity and commitment for the actual and strict implementation of the existing legal procedures and regulations and to take appropriate responses is also another responsible factor for the occurrence of such environmental pitfalls in that depth. Based on the study result, the researcher therefore recommends for the responsible governmental body to re-examine the actual implementations of the legal investment procedures, and re- adjust them in a way that allows the development of industrial zone in a more efficient and rational manner.
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    Human Security Implications of Oromo-Somali Conflict Induced Displacement in Ethiopia: The Case of Burayu Town
    (Addis Ababa University,, 2020-01) Gudeta Regassa; Yonas Adaye (PhD)
    This study is focused on the human security implications of Oromo-Somali conflict induced displacement (CID) on human security in Ethiopia particularly who are relocated to Burayu Town. To achieve the objective a qualitative descriptive research design was implemented. The primary source of data was collected through key informants and in-depth interviews. Key informants were purposively selected from different governmental organizations whereas in depth interviewees were selected from internally displaced persons (IDPs) based on snowball sampling technique. The finding of the study shows that lack of quick response to demarcate the boundary between the two regions as per the 2004 referendum, rent-seeking and contraband, and failure to deploy security forces timely as the causes of displacement. Instrumentalism and primordialism were also initiated the displacement under the shade of ethnic federation. The study also revealed that Conflict induced displacement negatively affected human security, means of livelihood and properties of Melka Gefersa Kebele IDPs. As the result, they are suffering from food, water, health insecurities and psychological inferiority complex. Inadequate housing and lack of social services nearby relocation site are among the major factors that have negatively affected security of Melka Gefersa Kebele IDPs. The rehabilitation mechanism of IDPs is also just like lifesaving since it is short term based both in food and nonfood assistance. Furthermore, Melka Gefersa households IDPs are challenged to borrow money from micro financial institutions in rehabilitating their life because of delayed responses to give residential site plan for all households.
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    Institute For Peace and Security Studies Ipss The Role of Peasant Militia in Maintaining Local Peace: The Case of Ahferom and Merebleke Woreda Administrations in Tigray Regional State
    (Addis Ababa Unversity, 2020-06) Mebrahtom Gebremeskel; Yonas Adaye (PhD)
    This study aims at examining the role of local peasant militia in maintaining local peace in two wereda administrations of the Tigray National Regional State, namely Ahferom and Mereb Leke in the central zone of the region. Field data were gathered through key informant interview and focus group discussions. As the findings of the study show, the peasant militia is a vital force, which plays irreplaceable role in maintaining local peace in the Tigray National Regional State, in both war and peace times. As it was the case during the Ethiopia Eritrea war, in times of war, in the absence of the regular army, the militia force plays the role of defending the country from external and internal threats. The militia force also plays a supporting role in terms of facilitating logistics flows, collecting military information, and evacuating wounded soldiers from the war zone to safe areas where they would find medical treatment. In peace times, in collaboration with the police and other stakeholders like the mass-based associations, the peasant militia plays a vital role in maintaining local peace through preventing crimes in their locality. They also protect public and private investment infrastructures and projects, without which local development could not be materialized. However, although the militia force is an important force to maintain local peace and stability, it has critical problems, which would constrain to effectively accomplish its activities. The first problem is that the peasant militia are serving without any payment. The second problem is the process of selection to join militia is not rigorous enough. Consequently, it is common to see individual persons who do not actually fulfill the required criteria are selected and armed to become militia by the local administration. Therefore, the findings of the study suggest that to ease the challenges that would limit the effectiveness of the militia as a guarantor of local peace, the Regional Government should first, provide a mechanism that would enable the militia member find economic benefits that would compensate the time they invest in maintaining local peace. Second, the local administrations and concerned bodies of the Regional Government should strictly follow up whether the recruitment procedures are dully implementing.