Browsing by Author "Yonas Abebe"

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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology In Bale Zone, the Oromia Region of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Eshetu Zeben; Negussie Deyessa ; Yimer Seid; Yonas Abebe
    Despite numerous interventions aimed at combating infectious diseases, they continue to pose a significant global health challenge. Prevention is a fundamental component of the Ethiopian government's policy agenda, which includes initiatives to bolster immune system strength. The Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program, overseen by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), endeavors to enhance the diagnostic and preventive capacities of public health professionals in relation to critical diseases. During my tenure at Addis Ababa University School of Public Health and the Oromia Regional Health Field Base (Bale Zone Health Office) from January 2023 to September 12, 2024, several notable activities were undertaken. These encompassed the analysis of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) survey data from January 3 to January 25, 2023, scrutiny of Woreda health profile data from February 13 to February 30, 2023, investigation of a cholera outbreak from January 19 to February 2023, monitoring of a measles outbreak from June 19 to September 17, 2023, and the production of a research paper on type 2 diabetes self-care practices and associated factors among patients attending public hospitals in the Bale Zone from February 5 to March 22, 2024. Additionally, we conducted various training sessions and composed essays and articles that were published in reputable journals. However, this document only includes detailed information from one weekly report, with access to others provided through hyperlinks. The measles investigation, conducted between June 27 and September 17, 2023, identified 48 cases and 2 deaths in Agarfa Woreda, Bale zone, Oromia Region. To address these issues, we suggest intensifying the utilization of the second measles vaccine and raising public awareness about its significance. Between January 2023 and February 2023, there were cholera outbreak 25 cases of Vibrio cholera, with no fatalities. The causes of cholera include security concerns, inadequate infrastructure, insufficient healthcare services, and lack of clean water. To combat this, we propose providing clean and adequate water, avoiding contact with infected individuals, actively identifying affected individuals, delivering emergency treatment, and developing cholera vaccines. Surveillance data analysis of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the Bale one health office demonstrated a gradual increase in cases over the years, particularly in 2020 G.C.; However, deaths resulting from SAM decreased during this period. The Surveillance Evaluation System on weekly disease and surveillance (WDSS) and Maternal and perinatal death (MPDSR) also assessed the comprehensiveness, reason-ability, flexibility, and effectiveness of the analysis and data management processes, although timeliness, consistency, and Representativeness were not always ensured. Maternal health services were generally commendable, but respiratory issues, diarrhea, and inadequate healthcare services were prevalent. The findings of all these studies are incorporated in academic reports prepared for submission to peer-reviewed journals. A research discussion was also developed, focusing on malnutrition (SAM) data analysis in the Bale zone , Oromia Region. In July 2023, a disaster assessment was undertaken to address the cholera outbreak affecting five villages in the Bale Zone district's of Oromia Region, aiming to identify people's needs and implement public health measures. The primary health concerns identified were diarrhea, malaria, and other infectious diseases. Our research study concentrates on type 2 diabetic patients admitted to public hospitals in the Bale Districts, Oromia Region, and their personal experiences with diabetes. We conduct our final thesis research on self-care practices and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending public hospitals in Bale zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. We selected 411 patients for a cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling and collected information regarding social factors, medical records, diabetes self management, medication adherence, and self-care via the Kobo tool database. The findings indicated that 59.4% of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients demonstrated good self-care level, while 40.6% exhibited poor self-care behavior. Enhanced self-care was positively associated with higher income, self-employment, diabetes education, membership in a diabetes organization, knowledge about care, positive self-esteem, and absence of diabetes complications. Furthermore, We present the weekly epidemiological bulletin from the Public health emergency management (PHEM) reports of the Bale zone health office and Oromia Regional Health Directorates for weeks 1-4, 28- 41, and 42-49 of 2023.
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    The Role of Household Fuel Exposure and Housing Characteristics on Asthma in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020: Matched Case Control Study Design
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-10) Yonas Abebe; Ahmed Ali; Adamu Addissie; Tewodros Haile
    Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction and hyper responsiveness. Studies have suggested that household fuel exposure; either biomass or fossil fuel and housing characteristics have been associated with allergy. Recent analysis has also shown an increase in asthma among residential determinants of allergy. But there remains considerable uncertainty about whether this reflects an association with asthma. Hence this study was conducted to elucidate selected factors associated with asthma. Objective: To examine whether there is an association between household fuel exposure and housing characteristics with asthma at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital-based case-control study design, matched with age and sex was done. Among four hundred eighty-three participants, 161 were cases and 322 were controls selected using consecutive sampling technique from selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Double population proportions formula with a 2:1 control to case ratio was used to calculate sample size with 95% confidence interval and 80% power. Data were collected between February and August 2020 using structured questionnaire, entered into EPI info version 7.2 and then analyzed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test was used to assure statistical significance. Conditional logistic regression model was applied to see the determinants of asthma. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify the strength, direction and significance of the association. Results: Among study subjects the odds of developing asthma was 4 times higher among those who used agricultural residues for cooking (AOR: 3.809, 95% CI: 1.052, 13.79). , 5 times higher among those who used wood for cooking (AOR: 4.954, 95% CI: 2.1, 11.686). 5 times higher among those who had family history of asthma (AOR: 4.725, 95% CI: 1.544, 14.454), 6 times higher among those who smoke tobacco (AOR: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.304, 29.098) and 10 times higher among those who don’t practice door opening, while cooking (AOR: 10.254, 95% CI:3.969, 26.49). Conclusion: To reduce the risk of asthma development, people should practice door opening, while cooking, and must avoid using wood and agricultural residues for cooking and tobacco for smoking. Family history of asthma was also noted to be another risk factor for asthma.
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    The Psychosocial Impacts of Urban Renewal-Induced Displacement on Resetteld People at Gurara Condominium, Woreda 02, Yeka Sub-City, in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Yonas Abebe; Ashenafi Hagos (PhD)
    Urban renewal is a process of redevelopment or renovating older parts of cities and towns, including decay, inadequate infrastructure, and slum areas. Nodaway, urban renewal is an important issue and unavoidable to ensure the competences of cities with global cities. The study aims to explore the psychosocial impacts of urban renewal-induced displacement on resettledpeople in Addis Ababa, Yeka sub-city, woreda 02, at Gurara condominium. The study employed a qualitative research method with In-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and FGD to collect relevant data. Among displaced members five individuals were selected for an in-depth interview. Two focus group discussions employed, each team had six members or with a total of twelve members. Five key informants selected to get deep data. So, the data collected from 22 study participants. The primary participants of this study are displaced households selected through the purposive sampling method, who have knowledge and experiences. The results and the discussions parts of the study show that the role of government in solving the negative challenges was insignificant and in such projects community should actively participate, to alleviate the challenges. Therefore, the researcher recommended to the concerned stakeholders to improve the psychosocial impacts of relocation due to urban-renewal programs. Finally, the researcher also put crucial implications for the next researcher, for education, urban policy implementation and for affected communities. Key words: Urban renewal, psychosocial, Redevelopment, impact, displacement and resettlment.