Browsing by Author "Yirgu, Robel"

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    Assessment of Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity among High School Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-06) Dereje, Dessalegn; Yirgu, Robel
    Background: Worldwide, at least 2.8 million people die each year due to overweight and obesity, and an estimated 35.8 million (2.3%) of global Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are caused by overweight and obesity. Many studies in Ethiopia showed that overweight and obesity is caused due to increased intake of energy-dense food, physical inactivity, changing modes of transportation and increasing urbanization. However, there is no published article showing that short sleep duration is an independent risk factor to cause overweight and obesity for adolescents in the country. Objective of the study: To measure the magnitude of overweight/obesity and its association with short sleep duration among high school adolescents’ in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: School based cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 405. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire, entered and cleaned using EPI INFO version 7, and was exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was computed using weight and height (Kg/m2). Descriptive statistics using frequencies, proportion and table were used to present the study results. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to see association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity. To evaluate the association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity, both crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed. Results: The combined prevalence of adolescents’ overweight and obesity was 18.2%, the specific prevalence for overweight and obesity were 14.4% and 3.8%, respectively. Adolescents with short sleep duration (<8 hours/day) were significantly at risk for being overweight/obese as compared to adolescents with normal sleep duration (8-10 hours/day) [AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.9- 7.0)]. Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of this study showed that higher prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were observed among adolescents in the study area. Short sleep duration was strongly associated with overweight/obesity during adolescence. Hence, results of this study suggest that adolescents should receive educational intervention on adequate duration of sleep at night to reduce the risk of being overweight or obese.
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    The Effect of School Environment on Overweight/Obesity among Private School Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2016
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Moges, Tsedey; Shiferaw, Solomon(PhD); Yirgu, Robel
    Introduction: Obesity was formally recognized as a global epidemic in 1997 by World Health Organization (WHO). It has more has more has more has more than doubled in children and quadrupled than doubled in children and quadrupled than doubled in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. adolescents in the past 30 years. In our country, among adolescents, high magnitudes have been shown especially in private schools (10-23%). Though there are studies that have showen the magnitude and individual level determinants, little is known about environmental-level determinants especially school environment and particularly adequacy of space in schools. School environment could affect largely since adolescents spend majority of their time in schools. Objectives: The study was aimed at comparing the magnitude of overweight and obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate space for physical activity and exploring other environmental and individual-level determinants among private school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: School based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents 10-19 years old. A total of 20 private schools were included in the study in which 10 were with adequate space and the rest 10 without adequate space for physical activity. A three stage random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Adolescents were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were done using standardized weighing scales and measuring boards respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) for age Z-score was compared to WHO 2007 growth reference standards using WHO Anthro plus version 1.0.4 software. Data were entered and cleaned using EpiData 3.1 and all statistical tests were done using STATA version 12.1 software. Descriptive statistical tests, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity. Results: Out of the sampled adolescents, 1277 respondents participated in the study with response rate of 99.3%. The overall magnitude of overweight & obesity among the study participants was 17.0% which was significantly higher in schools without adequate space for physical activity (19.4% versus 14.6%) with p-value of 0.01. In the bivariate analysis, adolescents in schools without adequate space for physical activity 12 had 1.86 times higher odds of being in lower physical activity level and 1.41 times higher odds of being overweight/obese with p-value of 0.001 and 0.041 respectively. The partial correlation between adequacy of space and overweight/obesity accounting for the explanatory power of physical activity was also significant with partial correlation coefficient 0.06 and p-value 0.0341. Those in the middle wealth quintile, low Physical activity, traveling with private car from home to school, irregular breakfast consumption and ≤ 3 meals per day also had increased odds of being overweight / obese in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The findings of the study gave insight on the effect of inadequate space in schools as an important contributor to physical inactivity and a higher burden of overweight and obesity. Low physical activity and traveling with private car were also found to be significant factors associated with overweight and obesity among private school adolescents. Recommendations: Based on the the results of this study, it is important that officals responsible for urban development and licensing of private schools consider availability of a reasonably adequate space for schools and work with relevant regulatory bodies to ensure implementation according to the guidelines. School officials should design their schools in a way having adequate space for physical activity. Lastly the school community and the general public should promote adolescents to be physically active and walk to schools.
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    Perinatal Mortality Magnitude,Determinantsand Causesin WestGojam: Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-12) Yirgu, Robel; Molla, Mitike (PhD)
    Introduction:The millennium development goal was setto achieve a reduction of childmortality by two thirdsbythe end of 2015. In Ethiopiaeven if a significant reduction inmortality was seen amongthe post neonatal age children yet the death of newborns in theperinatalage category is still high. This studyestimatedtheperinatal mortality rate andidentifieditsdeterminant factors and causes of deathin West Gojam zone,Amhara region. Methods and materials:Outofthe4158pregnant motherswhowere followed in thecohort of this nested case control study,73 cases and 146 controls wereidentified andinterviewed in three districts of the West Gojam zone, from Feb 2011 to Mar 2012.Wealthindexwas used to estimate the wealth difference amongthestudied families.Factors such asbirth spacing,history of abortion and history of perinatalmortality were included ina multiplebinary logistic regression modelto identify risk factors.Physician review method was used toidentify the causes of death from the verbal autopsy data. Result:Theperinatal mortality rate was 27.04per 1000 live andstillbirths(95%CI,15.1,38.9).Perinatal mortality was significantly associated with household wealth and family size, those with 2-5 and greater than three family members had a lesser risk for perinatal mortality as compared to those with a family size of only two (AOR=0.04,95%CI 0.01-0.38)and (AOR=0.03,95%CI 0.01-0.27)respectively.Primiparous mothers indicated a greater riskfor perinatal mortality as compared to those who gave birth to five or more children(AOR=7.89,95%CI 1.46-42.77). In addition women with a previous history of perinatal death and abortion showed a higher risk for perinatal mortality than those who had no history of perinatal mortality or abortion(AOR=14.29,95%CI 5.28 38.67)and(AOR=0.24,95%CI0.1,0.58)respectively.Preterm newborns were more at risk (AOR=17.49,95%CI 1.51,202.78)than the term babies.Twins were also at higher risk for perinatal mortality than the singletons(AOR=5.09,95%CI1.21,21.4). Home delivery was found to protect against perinatal death (AOR=0.05 95%CI0.01,0.26)in comparison to the births that took place in health facilities. Conclusion:Findings of this study indicated a high perinatal mortality rate and the increase drisk that was associated with selected socio-economic and health service related factors some of which are amenable to change.