Browsing by Author "Yirdaw, Amare"

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    Features of Bildungsroman Novel in Charles Dickens's David Copperfield and James Joyce's a Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: A Comparative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-01) Yirdaw, Amare
    The main purposes of this paper (study) are to examine the intertextuality of some 'original' and 'distinct' canons of Bildungsroman novel features with particular reference to two selected English modern novels, specifically, Charles Dickens's David Copperfield: /i-om Victorian age (19'h centwy), and James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: from Modernism (20'h century), have been considered the corpuses of the study in which attempts are made to investigate whether there exists a continuityiconvergence and/or discontinuity/divergence of the features of Bildungsroman novel. To this effect, these features in the novels have been treated comparatively to the theoretical models of such form of writing embedded in the prototypes of the genre: the literary tradition of Bildungsroman novel (autographicalform). This thesis consists of five chapters. The introductOlY chapter includes: The statement of the problem, objectives of the study, method of the study, scope of the study, and significance of the study. The comparative approach, which is used in literature, intrinsic literaty elements textual analysis, is used as a method of the study. The second chapter, deals with a review of related literature. It provides a brief review of the historical and theoretical context in which the features of Bildungsroman novel writing IitercllY tradition has established itself Chapter three traces the authors' literaty biography in brief The fourth chapter is entirely devoted to the detailed analysis of the two novels. It is done by identifying five major Bildungsromanfeatures in the light of the prototypes used as theoretical models. Accordingly, among the many criteria of the Bildungsroman novel form of writings: features that typifY such form of writings; character development; structure; truthfulness and accountability; satire, parody and humor, and language as discourse are discussed thoroughly. As a result, most of the features of the Bildungsroman novel are, by and large, found to be inherited in the novels, regardless of the literary tenets that governed each literary movement, and the period (time) to which each novel belong. This in turn may strengthen the consideration of the respective novels under critical analysis as heirs of the sixteenth century and early seventeenth century Western European Bi/dungsroman novel writing tradition. Similarly, the study also reveals which Bildungsroman novel features do show the continuation of --intertextuality- links: in the novels under criticaLanaiysis, there exist both continuity and discontinuity of some of the basic tenets ofsuch(orm o(writings. Chapter five provides conclusions and suggestions in order to regain the hightoned literary merits that the features of Bildungsroman novel writing offers, and thereby, to enlighten the study of such novel-writing tradition 's evolution.
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    The Practice of Rainwater Harvesting in Ethiopia: Perception and Program Implementation in Kalu Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Yirdaw, Amare; Bewket, Woldeamlak
    The major purpose of this study was to asses the practice of RWH scheme with particular emphasis on its challenges, strengths and potentials to enhance food security of peasant households in Kalu Woreda, South Wello Zone, Amhara Regional State. To materialize this objective, the extent of implementation, the processes, challenges and perceived potentials of the scheme have been examined in four randomly selected sample Kebeles of the study Woreda. The attitude and perception of users and non users towards the RWH scheme has also been considered. Data for this study were gathered by means of questionnaires, interviews, FGDs and document analysis. Besides, observation to RWH structures was made. A total of 80 HHs and 20 DAs and concerned district officials were included in this study. Sample HHs were then chosen using stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics had been employed to analyze the data. The study found out that in 2004105, about 80 percent of the plan has been accomplished. However, the distribution of constructed RWH structures indicated that about 70 percent of the structures in the study Warda were found in four sample Kebeles while the remaining 30 percent were sparsely distributed in 31 Peasant Associations. Poor quality materials used in the construction of RWH have led to the prevalence of cracks on the structures. Coupled with this is the problem of safety, which caused serious threat to children and animals. These weaknesses were identified as the major challenges that strictly hinder the potential usefulness of the program. Besides, continuous pressure from the Regional Government upon the Woreda Administration to implement its quota has led to coerce the community to involve in the RWH program at the initial phase. As such, in the survey, 58 percent of the non-beneficiaries replied as they did not lost any better agricultural opportunities being out of the RWH program and most respondents didn't also have any interest to participate in RWH scheme in the future. Based on the above major findings, the study recommended, among other things, that a thorough analysis and selection should be made to adapt the most appropriate RWH structure to specific contexts. In addition, it is important to design an appropriate RWH plan that coincides with the implementation capacity of the Woreda Government and the Kebele Administrations instead of quota system. Before extending the RWH technology to many areas of the locality, It is also advisable to begin with a pilot project to raise the awareness level of the community and enhance the potentials of RWH program for improved food security. This is important to learn lessons from the shortcomings of the previous program. Key words: rainwater harvesting, rainwater harvesting structure, Kalu Woreda.