Browsing by Author "Yilma, Tewodros"

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    Health Related Quality of Life and Its Associate Factors among Breast Cancer Survivors at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Yilma, Tewodros; Deyessa, Negussie(PhD); Getachew, Sefonias
    Background: Breast cancer is certainly the commonest forms of cancers among women in Ethiopia. For a long time the focus has been on clinical management of cancers but now Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is emerging as an important health outcome which requires to be incorporated in the holistic management of patients. Evaluating the HRQOL, is used to identify cancer patients in need of clinical attention and to evaluate interventions for cancer patients and lead to better outcome. There were no studies conducted in Ethiopia that have investigated HRQOL issues among breast cancer survivors. Objective: To assess the level of health related quality of life and to identify associate factors among women breast cancer survivors at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Refereal Hospital, Addis Ababa. Methods: The study was hospital based cross-sectional research involving 360 breast cancer survivors from March 20 to June 30, 2015. The translated to Amharic version of European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire QLQ-C30 (Quality of Life Questionnaire-Cancer 30) and QLQ-BR23 (Quality of Life Questionnaire- Breast Cancer 23) were used to measure the health related quality of life. The data entered, cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS 20 version software. Multiple binary logistic analysis was performed to examine the effect of independent variables on HRQOL further more analysis of variance (ANOVAs) and t-test was performed to examine the relationship between independent variables and functional and symptom scales. Results: Overall, 360 respondents participated in this study making the response rate at 94.48% percent. The mean score for HRQOL was 60.53. For bivariate analysis age, marital status, educational status, average monthly income, medical services status, types of anti cancer treatment, co-morbidity and cancer stage were associated with HRQOL. Whereas age, lower average monthly income (≤ 600 ETB), time since diagnosis, co-morbidity and current cancer stage remained significant in multivariate analysis. In all functional and symptom scales of the QLQ C30 and QLQ 30 except sexual functioning, sexual enjoyment and upset by hair loss were significantly associated with HRQOL. Conclusion: The study revealed that the mean health related quality of life among breast cancer patients were 60.5 and was comparable with the international findings. Significant determinant of health related quality of life include; age, low monthly income, high year of diagnosis, co-morbidity and being stage four and all functional and symptom scale variables except sexual functioning, sexual enjoyment and upset by hair loss. Based on the findings of the study it is important to prioritize such groups of breast cancer survivors for targeted programs to improve the health related quality of life and contribute for better out come
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    Unemployment and the Role of Employment Services: an Economic Valuation of Employment Service
    (A.A.U, 2000-05) Yilma, Tewodros; Mekonnen, Alemu (Dr)
    The issue of unemployment and the operation of the labour market is a very central issue to the modern economy, both in the developed and the developing world. The operation of this market is a fascinating and complicated process. Workers differ in their abilities, attitudes, and tastes. Productivity depends not only on abilities but also on how well a worker is matched to a job. The question of unemployment is tied to the social, political and economic atmosphere in every country. It is an issue to the individual, to the firms and to the government as well. As a result studies on the causes, effect and remedies to unemployment problems have captured the attention of all these agents. The mam cause of unemployment according to most studies is the high rate of population growth coupled with low level of economic growth which is manifested by the slow pace of job creation by the economy. The educational system as a major supplier of the labour force is also an important area related with the problems of unemployment. The existing educational system not only supplies the economy a labour force that far exceeds in number the available jobs but also a labour force which invariably does not fit the existing jobs and vacancies. The problem of unemployment is also related to the functioning of the labor market, which in large part is the concern of this paper. The existence of an adequately functioning labor market which sends the relevant signals to help adjust the mismatch between existing skills and the skills needed by the economic and. highlight£ the gap . between unfilled and filled vacancies is of paramount importance to the Issue of unemployment. Available evidence indicates that many vacancies remain unfilled despite the existence of a large unemployed labor force. Information found from MoLSA showed that over 23% of vacancies remained unfilled. The existence. of the considerable unfilled vacancies in the midst of a large unemployed labor force depicts the failure of the labor market. In this regard employment services can play a crucial role by addressing the information and skill gaps as they are centers for collection, compilations and dissemination of labor market information. In evaluating the employment agencies unfortunately most of them are not adequately staffed and the necessary equipment are often scarce. As a result of this coupled with a poor policy environment, legal framework and economic incentives most employment agencies are not in a position to provide a commendable service and hardly provide the expected level and quality of services The present study which examines the willingness of job seekers to pay for such services, will contribute in drawing attention of the policy makers and the public at large and facilitate the realization of the potential roles of employment service to play their part in addressing unemployment problems. It also contribute for the elucidation of economic grounds on the ongomg dialogue related to how and by whom employment service should be provided. In the present study an attempt has been made to economically value the role of employment services. The study has confirmed that the job seekers attach considerable value to employment services and are willing to pay for a placement service rendered by employment agencies. The study has shown that in Addis Ababa Administrative region alone the placement services of employment agencies has an economic value worth over 18 million Birr per annum. This estimate considers only the value attached by unemployed job seekers to placement services alone and represents a very small portion of the service, that employment agencies are expected to be perform.