Browsing by Author "Yehouala, Desalegn"

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    Assessment of the Challenges and Opportunities Water Supply in Condominium Housings of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Yehouala, Desalegn; Aberra, Yohannes (PhD)
    This thesis assessed the challenges and opportunities of water supply in condominium housing of Addis Ababa. A survey of 200 households from the study area coupled with information by interviewing officials of AAWSA & filed observation revealed the nature of problems of water supply. The major problems of previous residence water supply were water interruption & quality problems, irregular timing in water distribution, water purchase from water vendors, pipe line breakage, walking long distance and long queue for water fetching. On the other hand, the previous residence water supply situation had opportunities of having clean and enough amount of water, availability of water any all the day and time. In condominium housing units, Water supply interruptions, inadequate water supply, Sanitation, requirement of additional man power for water collection are the major problems. The other problems identified are, work load of women in the households, drainage & sewer pipes busting and blockage, high water prices from water vendors during interruption, children risk their lives crossing roads in collecting waler. This is due to inadequate waters source, inadequate finance, and inadequate man power, weak coordination among offices, rapid population growth, absence of resident's participation and some other challenges in the study area. Employing appropriate technology, financing water supply projects, Integration between institutions and different sectors, developing water sources that fit with the growing population and urbanization are the major copping strategies for the challenges thai Ihe author recommended for reversing Ihe exisling challenges and in achieving more efficient provision of water supply in the study areas. Key words: Waler Supply, Condominium hal/sing, Addis Ababa.
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    The Contention between Africa and the International Criminal Court: Withdrawals, Justification, and Impacts on the Court
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-01) Yehouala, Desalegn; Tadesse, Wondemagne (PhD)
    The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first permanent treaty based international criminal court, governed by the Rome Statute, established in 2002, intended to end impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes of international concern: the Crimes of Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and the Crime of Aggression. The Role of African States and Civil Society Organizations in the formation of the ICC were so great and they contributed much to the preparations leading up to the diplomatic conference in Rome at which the Statute of the ICC was concluded. Over the years, however, the relation between the Court and Africa changed and African states positions shifted from support to the ICC to hostility resulting in accusations of selective justice against Africa. However, various complaints have been directed against the Court from within Africa: complaining that the ICC is a hegemonic tool of western powers which is not independent and it is an institution targeting or discriminating against Africa focusing only on Africa that undermining African efforts to solve its problems. As a result, the AU has adopted a hostile stance toward the Court and has called for its member states to implement a policy of noncooperation with the ICC. With this in mind the paper critically examines the contention between African States and the ICC, the reasons for African states withdrawal and its viability and impact upon the Court, primarily by examining Africa’s contribution to the creation of the ICC and by assessing the current state of play of Africa and ICC relationship. Then, the paper will examine the justifications invoked by African states to withdraw from ICC and analyse wether the allegations are justifiable. The research also examined the legal framework of withdrawal from ICC and the possible impact of the calling for withdrawal by African states. Based on this analysis this paper concludes indicating possible ways to ease the growing tension between Africa and ICC and recommending possible course of actions to be followed by African States and the ICC that it is important for all the stakeholders in the justice process to look at the fight against impunity as their main objective and withdrawing from the Court is a loss for the victims of grave crimes and for the Court itself. Also, mass withdrawal from the ICC will hurt Africans more than the ICC because with the highest incidence of systemic and human rights violations globally, Africa, more than any other continent, needs the ICC. Key words: Africa, ICC, Withdrawal