Browsing by Author "Yared, Tadesse"

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    Assessment of Sediment Inflow in Dire Dam Reservoir and Sediment Reduction method using SWAT Model, Dire Catchment, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-08) Yared, Tadesse; Bayou, Chane (PhD)
    Soil erosion or sedimentation is a major problem of reservoir operation in Ethiopia. Deforestation, overgrazing and poor land management practice are some which accelerate the rate of erosion. The topography of Ethiopia in general is full of ups and downs and local farmers commonly cultivate on the hilly sides causing easy topsoil wash away. Hence, this study has tried to determine the sediment yield at the dire dam reservoir, identify the high sediment source sub basin and check the applicability of SWAT model on the dire dam watershed. To go through this objective, SWAT model was applied with methodology of collecting hydro metrological data, sediment data, topographic, land use and soil map data by overlaying mechanism, the SWAT model run. Simulation was carried out using metrological and spatial data by dividing the watershed in to 9 sub basins with 103 hydrological response unit (HRUs) at outlet of dire watershed. Based on the availability of data the model calibration period (1988-1999) and validation period (2000-2006) were performed for monthly flow and sediment data using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) with in SWAT calibration uncertainty program (SWAT-CUP). The model was found applicable in this watershed with the performance evaluation statistics (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (ENS), coefficient of determination (R2)) in the acceptable range, (R2in the range of 0.74 to 0.78, ENS in the range of 0.73 to 0.77). From the model simulation output, sub basin 1, 2, and 6 were found the top three severely eroded sub basin with average annual sediment yield of 19.01 t/ha,34.26t/ha and 27.31t/ha respectively. While sub basin 7 and 9 were found the least sediment source sub basin with annual average sediment yield of 8.06t/ha and 7.22t/ha respectively. Generally, the annual averaged sediment inflow in to dire dam reservoir was 1850 t/km2/yr. Three watershed management scenarios were simulated to compare their effectiveness of sediment yield reduction from the existing baseline condition. The result shows that the mean annual sediment yield at the outlet can be reduced by 34.14% by applying filter strips, 57.12% by applying grassed waterway, and 70.06% by applying terracing. To generalize, applying terracing is relatively effective to reduce the mean annual sediment yield for the proposed dam.
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    Maximizing Regenerative Braking Energy in Railway Vehicle of Addis Ababa
    (AAU, 2017-12) Yared, Tadesse; Mengesha, Mamo (PhD)
    In this thesis, the problem of maximizing regenerative braking energy is addressed to reduce electrical power consumption of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit vehicle. The optimization problem is solved using Improved Arti cial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm in case of Ayat-2 to Ayat-1, Mazoria to Chemical Corporation and Meskel Square-1 to Legehar stations and vice versa. The rail road has relatively smaller gradient from Ayat-2 to Ayat-1 station while steepest slope exist between Meskel Square-1 and Legehar Stations. After several simulation tests, the regenerative braking speed pro le that satis es di erent constrains of railway vehicle is recommended for selected stations. As seen from simulation result, IABC based optimization can restore 25:6383% to 29:4083% total kinetic energy of vehicle in case of Meskel Square-1 to Legehar (2:767 gradient) and Ayat-2 to Ayat-1 (0:00905 o gradient) uphill drive braking operation respectively. Signi cant amount of electrical energy is restored using IABC optimization algorithm as compared to constant braking rate operation. Particularly, 1:1984MJ electrical energy is regenerated using proposed method while 0:6115MJ is recovered using constant braking rate in case of Meskel Square-1 to Legehar uphill drive braking. In downhill drive braking operation, the increase in regenerative braking energy is observed since the tangential component of gravitational force which is exerted on vehicle acts in direction of velocity. Numerically, 3:3669MJ energy is regenerated using IABC algorithm while 3:1074MJ energy is restored by constant braking rate operation in case of 2:767 o o downhill gradient.