Browsing by Author "Yared, Solomon"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Determinants of Capital Structure in Airline Industry: An Empirical Study on Major Airlines in Africa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-02) Yared, Solomon; Gebremedhin, Gebrehiwot (Ato)
    Airline Industry is very dynamic, competitive, highly capital intensive and critical for sustainability. This study examines internal factors affecting the capital structure of five major airlines in Africa. It also explores the applicable capital structure theories used in determining capital structure using sixteen-year data from year 2002-2017.The study used quantitative method research approach by using secondary data from audited financial statements and other officially published documents. To deliver the most reliable factors fixed effect model was applied. The findings of the study show that profitability, liquidity, growth opportunity have statistically significant and negative relationship with leverage, firm size has a significant and positive relationship with leverage. Lease financing, Collateral value of asset and non-debt tax shield also have negative relationship with leverage but the result was insignificant. Finally, it is recommended African airlines to focus internal factors affecting the capital structure and to focus internal financing sources before demanding external financing sources, furthermore it recommended to use the most applicable peaking order theory as a guide line when determining the capital structure in order to maintain sustainability, add value and develop in the industry by avoiding in liquidity and bankruptcy problems.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Laboratory Investigation of the Repellency of Essential Oils of Some Local Plants against Anopheles Arabiensis and Aedes Aegypti in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Yared, Solomon; Gebre-Micheal, Teshome (PhD)
    Essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation from six plant species growing in Ethiopia, Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae), Laggera tomentasa (Asteraceae), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae),Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) and Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae), were evaluated for repellency on forearms of human volunteers against Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti under laboratory condition (at 10% and 20% concentration). At 10% concentration oils of L. tomentosa, E. camaldulensis and Cy. citratus protected An. arabiensis for up two hours with mean protection of 80.87% - 93.45%. Chenopodium ambrosioides produced 69.6% protection at the first hour. Two other plants (R. chalepensis and Ci. sinensis) were only highly effective for 1 hour. With increased concentrations (20%), L. tomentosa, E. camaldulensis and Cy. citratus gave the highest repellency (80.3% - 91%) and the longest duration of protection lasting for three hours against An. arabiensis. The repellency of Ci. sinensis and R. chalepensis only improved slightly from the 10% concentration. Chenopodium ambrosioides did not provide significant protection even for one hour at 20% concentration against An. arabiensis. At 10 % concentration, only one plant oil (Cy. citratus) gave about 91% protection lasting for one hour against Ae. aegypti. The remaining oils gave very weak protection starting even after the first hour of application against Ae. aegypti. At higher concentration (20%), five more plants except Ch. ambrosioides continued to give high protection (81% - 93. 4%) for only one hour of post application against Ae. aegypti. It was also observed that Ae. aegypti was more tolerant to all the candidate repellent plants than An. arabiensis at both concentrations. The experiment also were evaluated the 1:1 combination of essential oils against An. arabiensis and Ae. aegypti. Almost all blends failed to produce significant protection beginning from the first hour. At 20% concentration there was only a slight improvement at the first hour of the experiments. As for An. arabiensis, the combination of oils did not improve their potency as repellents against Ae. aegypti even at higher concentration of 20%. DEET, the standard commercial repellent gave much longer repellency (83- 100%) for as long as six hours of the test period against An. arabiensis. DEET continued to give > 90 % protection for about six hours against Ae. aegypti.