Browsing by Author "YOSEPH, LEGESSE"

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    INVESTIGATION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE OUTBREAKS AND ASSESMENT OF RISK FACTORS IN OROMIA, AMHARA AND SOUTHEREN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES (SNNP) REGIONAL STATES OF ETHIOPIA
    (2008-06) YOSEPH, LEGESSE; Dr. Yilkal Asfaw, Dr. Mesfin Sahle,
    Seven foot and mouth disease outbreaks were investigated in Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regional states of Ethiopia, November2007 to March 2008. The objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of FMD outbreaks and to assess the associated risk factors. Morbidity rates ranging from 22.14 (Torben ashe) to 47.56 (DZARC) and mortality rates 2.33 (Coca) to 0.61(DZARC) were observed. Two viral serotypes namely O and SAT1 were isolated from tissue and oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid samples submitted to WRL, Pirbright. The isolation of the later serotype (SAT1) is the first of its kind in Ethiopia. Clinical, serological and virological evidences have shown that small ruminants are readily affected by FMD. However, there was a highly significant difference between cattle and these species in manifesting the characteristic clinical signs of the disease, being sub clinical in shoats. Additional risk factors were host characteristics like age and breed of cattle. Morbidity and mortality rates were higher for younger (<2years) and lower for older (>4 years) cattle. Age specific morbidity rates were 46.37% and 27% for these two age groups in Chigit and mortality rates were 8.7% and 1.5% for cattle of the same category in Coca outbreak. In DZARC farm breed specific morbidity rates were 68.4% and 0% for crosses and Borans respectively. Thus susceptibility to FMD varied with species, age, breed and type of viral serotype involved. Furthermore, the absences of working control policy, lack of livestock movement control, involvement of various hosts and the high rate of contact at communal points were found to be the major risk factors of FMD in Ethiopia. The present situation of FMD in Ethiopia requires an immediate intervention. Therefore, implementation of a profound control strategy involving livestock movement control, strategic vaccination of specific risk groups, consideration of SAT1 serotype, and further investigation on potential risk factors was recommended.