Browsing by Author "Wubalem Alebachew"

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    Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal on Egg Production, Quality, Shelf life, Fertlity and Hatchablity of Dual Purpose Koekoek Hens
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-06) Wubalem Alebachew; Berhan Berhan
    A study was conducted to evaluate effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) inclusion in layer rations on egg laying performance, egg quality parameters and egg shelf life. In addition, the study also evaluated the effect of MOLM on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick quality and the economic benefits of feeding of MOLM to dual purpose Koekoek hens. Ninety six dual purpose Koekoek hens, aging 41 weeks, and 12 cocks were used and equally divided into four dietary treatments with three replications. Treatment rations contained MOLM [i.e., T1 (0% MOLM), T2 (5% MOLM), T3 (10% MOLM), and T4 (15% MOLM)]. In this study, MOLM was used to substitute for soybean meal (SBM). Hens were weighed at the start and end of the experiment and body weight (BW) change was calculated. Data on feed intake, hen-day egg production, hen- housed egg production and egg weight were recorded. Egg quality parameters were determined at an interval of 15 days on four eggs per replicate for twice. Fertility and hatchability of eggs, chick quality as well as mortality of birds and embryonic mortality of fertile eggs during the incubation period were recorded. The shelf life of eggs was determined by considering albumen and yolk measurements as well as Haugh unit at an interval of 7 days on four eggs per replicate stored for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. In addition, albumen and yolk pH of eggs stored at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days was determined to evaluate shelf life of eggs. All the above mentioned parameters were improved by the experimental diet except mortality rate and late embryonic mortality especially in T2. Body weight change was 0.32kg in T1, 0.43kg in T2, 0.48kg in T3 and 0.37kg in T4. Feed conversion ratio was 1.73 in T1, 2.10 in T2, 1.52 in T3 and 1.59 in T4. Average egg weight was 48.66g in T1, 54.51g in T2, 49.94g in T3 and 50.31g in T4. Percentage of hen day egg production was 50.69% in T1, 64.60% in T2, 45.23% in T3 and 47.65% in T4. Fertility percentage was 80.00% in T1, 93.33% in T2, 91.11% in T3 and 84.44% in T4. Hatchability percentage was 66.66% in T1, 78.57% in T2, 68.22% in T3 and 70.33% in T4. Higher feed intake and body weight change were recorded for T3 (10% MOLM) while higher yolk color was observed for T3 and T4 (15% MOLM). Generally, substistution of SBM by MOLM at 5% inclusion level showed better result even yhough price of MOLM is higher than SBM. As aresult, Moringa tree production level of should be increase and vii needs further researches that can give evidence about the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Keywords: Body weight change, feed intake, egg production, egg quality, egg shelf life, fertility, hatchability
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    Effects of Different Feed Supplements and Agro-ecologies on Honeybee Colony Performances of in South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional state, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2024) Wubalem Alebachew; Berhan Tamir
    A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplements on honeybee colony performances, evaluate farm honeybee performance and analyze honey quality and pollen. A study involved 30 A. M. monticola colonies in an apiary for treatments and across agro- ecology for onfarm evaluation. For honey quality and pollen analysis, 30 samples were taken from those hives which on farm performance evaluation was measured. The treatment diets included: T1: 50% sugar syrup, 14% roasted barley powder (beso), and 36% roasted spiced pea powder (Shiro). T2: 50% powdered sugar, 14% white sorghum powder, and 36% bakery yeast. T3: 50% powdered sugar, 14% white sorghum powder, and 36% skimmed milk powder. T4: 50% sugar syrup with an infusion of stinging nettle and 1% kerefa, along with 50% white sorghum powder. Feeds were provided at the entrance sides of the colonies. The study was conducted in two phases, the dry season (December 20, 2021, to March 22, 2022) and the rainy season (June 27, 2022, to September 7, 2022) which are dearth periods. While on-farm performance evaluation was done from September 10, 2021, to December 30, 2021, and March 27, 2022, to June 23, 2022 during active seasons of the year. Measurements of brood area, pollen, nectar, and honey space in the comb were taken using a transparent grid meter of frame size (cm2 ). Feed intake, profitability, honey stores, and total bee strength were also assessed. Honey yield, swarming tendency, foraging activity, defensive behavior, and absconding rate were measured during the active season. Honey quality and pollen were also analyzed. Notably, colonies that received T4 exhibited superior performance, with a feed intake of 98.3%, egg area of 464.9 cm2 , larvae area of 553.9 cm2 , pupae area of 627.1 cm2 , colony strength of 6.4 frames, and queen cell construction of 0.2, surpassing the other colonies. In addition, they had a nectar area of 54.3 cm2 , a pollen area was 68.7 cm2 , a honey area was 311.2 cm2 honey yield of 7 kilograms. Colonies found in the highland showed the highest value on all performance measurement parameters and recorded a honey yield of 22.13 kilo grams. While, colonies found in the lowland were active foragers, starting their activities at 5:13 a.m. and returning to the hive at 7:04 p.m., and aggressive than others. Their response time after disturbances was approximately 53.29 seconds, and they followed up to 182.42 meters. The average values for free acidity, moisture content, ash content, pH, and hydroxyl-methyl-furfural (HMF) were measured as 19.14 meq/kg, 17.43%, 0.09%, 3.13, and 5.49 mg/kg, respectively. During pollen analysis, 41 and 23 plants were identified during the first and second honey harvesting seasons. There were unique plants for each agro ecology. During both harvesting seasons, Eucalyptus globulus accounted for the highest percentage. In general, the diets presented by T4 performed better. A.m monticola in the highland showed better performance. The overall stated characteristics of the honey fell within the established ranges for honey quality standards of both the national and international and Eucalyptus globulus was the dominant plant which identified in the honey sample. But, further findings will be better regarding all these works