Browsing by Author "Worku, Alemayehu (Professor)"

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    Assessment of renal function impairment among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in selected public hospitals in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia 2018
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Hussen, Habiba; Worku, Alemayehu (Professor)
    Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment cause renal diseases. Renal disease is associated with an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive individuals than in the general population. It has been also associated with adverse outcomes, such as complications of decreased renal functions and progression to renal failure. The aim of this studyistodetermine the prevalence and factors associated with renal function impairment among adult HIV patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy inZewditu memorial hospital and saint poul’s Hospital millennium medical college in 2018 GC. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 698 HIV positive study participants in selected government hospitals located in Addis Ababa from 1st February 2018 to 1st April 2018. HIV positive patients on ARTduring the study period where included in the study by using systematic random sampling method. The outcome variable was measured by applying ckd-epi estimation equation and renal impairment was defined as eGFR<60ml\min\1.73m2.Socio-demographic characters, clinical and laboratory records were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data wasentered using epi data after cleaned and coded. Data was analyzedbyusing SPSS statistical package. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression where done and variables with p-value<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: the overall prevalence of renal impairment in this study was 3% (95%CI 1.7%-4.3%) with response rate of 98.9%. After adjustment; being cannot read and write (AOR = 4.18; 95% CI1.65,10.58) ,Bing hypertensive(AOR=1.86;95%CI1.045,3.305),being underweight(AOR =3.14 ;95% CI 1.07,9.2),being HBsAg positive (AOR= 0.376; 95%CI 0.168,0.84 ) and having proteinuria (AOR=3.55;95%CI 2.17,5.81) were found statistically significant predictors of renal impairment. Conclusion: the prevalence of renal impairment among HIV patients on HAART in this study was relatively low clinically significant. Therefore early detection of kidney disease by working on modifiable risk factors and implementation of sensitive screening techniques of renal function in persons with HIV on HAART will have an impact on the burden of disease, prevention of renal disease among this population
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    Factors associated to Late Diagnosis of Breast Cancer among women in Public and Private Hospital in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-05) W/Michael, Yetimwork; Worku, Alemayehu (Professor)
    Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally and the second commonest cancer overall. In Africa, breast cancer was also the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death. Ethiopian women typically present for care at a late stage in the disease. Objective: To assess determinants of late stage diagnosis of patients with breast cancer in public and private Hospital of Hawassa Ethiopia, 2018. Methodology: A facility based unmatched case control design mixed with qualitative study design conducted with a sample of 310 women who attend in public and private hospital of Hawassa Ethiopia. Random sampling technique used to select (155 cases and 155 controls) in two health facilities while two study facilities were selected using purposive sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire used to collect data and coded to enter into a data based and cleaned for any inconsistencies and missing values using STATA V 14.1 descriptive analysis to know the overall association of explanatory variables by examined by using multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance declared if the P-value < 0.05. Result: A total of 310 women involved in the study. The mean age of respondents was 43 years (+8).out of total participants 108(69.7%)controls and 110(71.0%)cases was indicated that lump was the first symptom. After adjustment for important risk factor for late stage diagnosis those women not having formal education (AOR= 4.35, 95% CI (1.61, 11.75), patient delay (AOR= 3.22, 95%CI (1.72, 6.01), health care provider delay(AOR= 2.67, 95%CI (1.47, 4.83) referral delay AOR= 2.25, 95%CI (1.27, 4.00)and total diagnostic delay AOR= 8.03, 95%CI (3.18, 20.28) was associated with late stage diagnosis. Conclusion and recommendation. Late diagnosis of breast cancer was significantly associated with education, patient delay, health care provider’s delay, referral delay and total diagnostic delay. Hence attention should be given on symptom recognition, early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.