Browsing by Author "Wassie Tsegaye"

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    Assessment of the Incidence and Pattern of Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in Intensive Care Units at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-05) Wassie Tsegaye; Temesgen B
    Background:Introduction ARM is a birth defect that encompasses a wide range of abnormalities involving the anus, rectum, and genitourinary system in both males and females. These abnormalities can vary from minor issues affecting the skin to complex defects accompanied by other anomalies.. Its occurrence at birth varies geographically and annually, with a prevalence ranging from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 5000 globally. The Aim of this study is to evaluate the patterns and risk factors of anorectal malformation at governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods and Materials: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at TASH and SPHMMC in Addis Ababa from August 2022 to January 2023. The study involved 68 cases (patients with anorectal malformations) and 136 controls to investigate associated risk factors. Additionally, an institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the pattern of anorectal malformations. The study included all patients admitted to the pediatric surgery unit from January 2019 to January 2022. Data collection was performed using a structured questionnaire with the Open Data Kit (ODK) tool, and the data was exported to SPSS version 26 for management and analysis. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were calculated, and bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between independent variables and anorectal malformations. The multivariable model computed adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals, and statistical significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Result: During a three-year period, a total of 273 cases of ARM were recorded. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Only 15% of the patients presented within the first day of their life. The prevalent type of ARM in male patients was recto-perineal fistula, accounting for 35.5% (48 cases), followed by recto-urethral fistula at 31.8% (43 cases). Among female patients, vestibular fistula was the most prevalent, observed in 54.3% (75 cases). Approximately 59% of the patients had isolated ARM.Certain factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of ARM. the chance of having newborns with ARM was 5 times more for women who had a history of alcohol consumption and taking unspecified medication during the first trimester of the pregnancy compared to their counterparts (AOR = 4.707; 95% CI: 1.705, 12.97).and (AOR = 4.857; 95% CI: 1.288, 18.318 ) respectively, furthermore low birth weight, unplanned pregnancy, advanced maternal age, of pregnancy and history of birth defect in first and second generation were associated with occurrence of ARM (AOR = 4.318; 95% CI: 1.199, 15.551), (AOR = 3.701; 95% CI: 1.551, 8.828), (AOR = 4.222; 95% CI: 1.214, 14.689) and (AOR = 6.15; 95% CI: 1.237, 30.582) respectively. Conclusion: ARM was equally distributed among male and female patients. Among males, perineal fistula was the most common sub-type, while among females; vestibular fistula. Delayed presentation was common in our set up. Isolated cases of ARM were more prevalent than cases associated with syndromes. Advanced maternal age, unspecified medication intake in the first trimester of pregnancy, low birth weight, and alcohol consumption, family history of congenital malformations and unplanned pregnancy appeared to increase the risk of ARM