Browsing by Author "Washo, Jemal"

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    Efficacy of HIV Pre Exposure Prophylaxis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nonhuman Primate Studies
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) Washo, Jemal; Khumar, Prem(PhD); Abay, Solomon(PhD)
    The emergence of new prevention methods has increased the optimism towards achieving a more effective control over the AIDS epidemic, as these methods have shown the potential to promote significant reductions in the number of new infections. An important part of this optimism relates to the development of methods based on using antiretrovirals (ARV-based prevention), which may avoid acquisition of infection when used before or after exposure to HIV, and also avoid transmission of the virus in sexual intercourse among serologically discordant couples (treatment as prevention). The pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis (now commonly referred to as PrEP) of HIV infection has gained increased momentum, concomitantly with the successful use of combination drug regimens for the treatment of AIDS. Many studies among animals showed better results of this prophylaxis method. Tenofovir disproxil fumarate and Tenofovir disproxil fumarate /emtricitibine has proven effective, if orally administered daily or intermittently, in the prevention of rectal simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in macaques. However, the combined preventive efficacy of this method is not conducted/ published to date. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the published literatures and un published literatures evaluating HIV transmission prevention efficacies of these drugs (Tenofovir disproxil fumarate and Tenofovir disproxil fumarate /emtricitibine), to reveal the combined outcomes of individual literatures, in non human primate models. Keywords: HIV/AIDS prevention, HIV transmission, pre exposure prophylaxis, HIV prophylaxis, non human primate models, antiretroviral agents, treatment as prevention