Browsing by Author "Wana, Desalegn(PhD)"

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    Challenges of Protecting Protected Area in Ethiopia: The Case of Maze National Park, in SNNPR in Gamo Gofa Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Nako, Negese; Wana, Desalegn(PhD)
    Even if Ethiopia has various protected areas in different part, the areas (including Maze National Park) have been challenged largely by human-induced constraints. However, unlike the other known protected areas of Ethiopia, the challenges facing Maze National Park were not rigorously investigated. So, the main objective of this study was to assess the major management challenges and conflicts between local people and park managers. Survey questionnaire was employed to collect primary data and literature was reviewed to acquire secondary data in order to assess the socio-economic situation of households, and problems of natural resource management. Four kebeles were selected using purposively sampling from out of 17 kebeles in and around MazeNP. In addition to questionnaire, four focus group discussions were made with park staff and other eight key informants(two from each kebele); and again, other ten focus groups(five from park resource dependents and five from non-park resources dependents) were used to acquire data. Participants of focus group discussion and key informants (except households of local people) have been selected by purposive sampling. Result of the study revealed that Grazing (open), uncontrolled fire, expansion of farmland, cutting living tree, conflict, hunting, and voluntary settlement on the government side are the major management problems of the Park. Most respondents had a negative attitude towards conservation of the Park for two main reasons: frustration of losing free access for grazing and their interest to expand cultivated land into the park area. Attitudes were significantly related to locally perceived benefits, education, family size and age of the local people. The perception of the local people on the conservation and management of the resource completely contradicts with the views of staff members of the park. Key words: management, challenges of Maze National Park, livestock, fire, attitude, conservation
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    GIS and Remote Sensing Based Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and Prediction in FagitaLekomaWoreda, Awi Zone, North Western Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Alemayehu, Bireda; Wana, Desalegn(PhD)
    This project examines the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use/Land Cover in FagitaLekomaWoreda between 1973 and 2015 so as to detect and analyze the changes that has taken place in their status between these periods. In order to achieve these, satellite data of Landsat MSS for 1973, TM for 1987 and ETM for 2015 have been obtained and preprocessed using ERDAS Imagine. The Maximum Likelihood Algorithm of Supervised Classification has been used to generate land use and land cover maps. For the accuracy of classified Land Use/Land Cover maps, a confusion matrix was used to derive overall accuracy and results were above the minimum and acceptable threshold level. Post-classification comparison change detection method was employed to identify gains and losses between Land Use/Land Cover classes. Subsequently, an attempt was made to predict for the next 28 years change based on the observed Land Use/Land Cover changes using Marcov Chain Model. The satellite image results show that cultivated land increased in the first period but decline in the second and the entire study periods.Grassland increased in the first period and decreased in the second period. Wetland is the most converted cover type during the entire study period.In the 42 years, forest lands expanded by over 255% of the original forest cover what was existed at the base year. The impact of this LULC change is more significant on the socioeconomic condition and status of the study area. Urban area which was not found in the first two study years satellite image result have 2.1% proportion in 2015 Land Use/Land Cover classification. Keywords: FagitaLekoma; Image Classification; GIS; Land Use/Land Cover Change; Marcov Chain Model; Remote Sensing
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    Indigenous Practices of Rangeland Management: Constraints And Prospects in Borana Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia, Oromia Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Doyo, Jarso; Wana, Desalegn(PhD)
    Degradation of range resources has recently been a serious problem due to multiple causative factors such as climate change (increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere), surge in human and cattle population, and range resource management regimes. The aims of this research are to investigate Borana pastoralists’ indigenous range resources management techniques and to describe the adaptation strategies of Borana pastoral community during frequent and extended drought. Data were collected by employing in-depth interviews, observations, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and informal discussions. The study results reveal that Borana pastoralists indigenous knowledge and experiences play a great role in pasture and water resources management. The regulatory role of water in managing grazing land is a very key factor for range resource management, especially during recurrent drought. In addition, various adaptive strategies such as hay making and herd division are used by Borana pastoralists to cope with drought stress. Borana pastoralists are currently facing mounting challenges such as bush encroachment, shrinking of rangelands and frequent drought incidents. Consequently, these have put a great strain in the pastoral production system and eventually may even undermine the pastoral livelihoods in drought stressed semi-arid ecosystems of the Borana lowlands. In general, indigenous range resource management system is more or less efficient and environmentally sustainable though the external interactive factors put the resource base under stress. Development interventions were made to improve the Borana rangeland condition but could not bring lasting solution. Therefore, development interventions should work on improving their weak sides.
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    Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Cover Dynamics: A Case of Merti Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Megersa, Helen; Wana, Desalegn(PhD)
    This study was intended to investigate the trend of land use land cover dynamics in Merti Woreda for the last 29 years (1986-2015.) For the selected study years 1986, 2000 and 2015 three time series satellite images TM, ETM+ and OLI were used respectively. Additionally, socio-economic assessment was conducted by using KII and FGD to investigate the driving forces of land use land cover change. The study covers a total area of 125,069.6ha. Five land use land cover classes namely; cropland, forest, grassland, shrub land and settlement land were clearly identified for the study. The result reported that in the first period, 1986-2000 forest and grassland showed decreasing trend by 43.9% and 6%, respectively. But cropland and shrub land showed increment at the same time by 44.9% and 4.75%. In the second study period forest and shrub land were decreased by 17.01% and 32.98%, respectively. Cropland, grass land and settlement land showed increment by 34.2 %, 13.45 % and 2.34%, respectively. In the entire period of the study forest and shrub land were decreased by 56.77% and 26.39%, respectively. The extent of deforestation was very high during the first study period. In 1986, the largest area was covered by shrub land and small area by settlement, which constituted 42.6% (53,476.3ha) and 0.26% (150.2ha), respectively. The cropland, forest and grassland covered 31.52 %( 39,420.6ha) and 15.64 %( 19,559ha) respectively. The land use land cover classification for the year 2000, as a year of 1986, the largest area was covered by shrub land and small area by settlement which accounts for 43.1 %( 54,134.9 ha) and 0.31 %( 386.2ha), respectively. Cropland, forest and grassland were accounted 38 %( 47,522.5ha), 9.3 %( 11,625ha), and 9.1 %( 11,400.9ha). In the final classification year (2015) land use land cover classification analysis of the study showed that cropland 42.96 %( 53,723.5ha), shrub land 38.5% (48,154.1ha), forest 6.83% (8,540.2ha), grassland 11.07% (13,840.5ha) and settlement 0.65 %( 810.7ha) respectively. It was different from the first and second classification years, the cropland was 42.79 %( 53,516.7ha) and dominant classes of the area. Therefore, to solve the forest cover shrink; effective and strong natural vegetation management and utilization policy have to be implemented by district forest office and the regional government to insure the sustainability of natural resources by protecting natural forest with the participation of local community. Key Words: Land use Land cover dynamics, GIS, Remote sensing, Landsat image