Browsing by Author "Tilahun Getachew"

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    Cysticercus Bovis: Development and Evaluation of Serological Tests and Prevalence at Addis Ababa Abattoir
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2004-06) Nigatu Kebede Wubie; Tilahun Getachew
    This study was conducted to develop and evaluate serological tests for C. bovis for the diagnosis in live animals and determine the prevalence in Addis Ababa Abattoir. Postmortem inspection (PMI), indirect hemagglutinatio test (IHAT), indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and fecal examination techniques were conducted. A total of 743 serum samples, 522 from Addis Ababa Abattoir, 101 from Repi PLC Dairy Farm and 109 from Yeka-abado Farmers Association were collected and 11 negative controls from France. Postmortem inspection was conducted on cattle slaughtered from Addis Ababa abattoir, 39 (7.4%) were positive for C. bovis. The hearts of these animals were thoroughly inspected and live C. bovis cysts were collected for antigen preparation. The protein concentration of the cyst was measured using the Lowry method. Indirect ELISA was conducted on known positive and known negative samples and due to shortage and lack of fresh reagents ELISA was not conducted on the other samples. The cut-off was 0.84 with 100% and 81% sensitivity and specificity respectively. Parallely IHAT was conducted on positive and negative samples, and a titre of 1:64 and above was considered as positive. IHAT had 100% and above 91% sensitivity and specificity respectively and when compared with ELISA it showed better specificity. Based on this test 149 (28.5%) from the Abattoir, 33 (30.2%) from Yeka-abado Farmers Association and 8 (7.9%) from Repi PLC Dairy Farm samples were positive for C. bovis. The prevalence in the two management systems, namely Yeka-abado Farmers Association and Repi PLC Dairy Farm, was significantly different (p<0.05). The cyst fluid, protoscolex and cyst membrane were separately evaluated; for antigenic properties and the fluid was found to have a better discriminating titre. Postmortem inspection for Cysticercus bovis when compared with the serological tests was less sensitive. For fecal examination, the sedimentation and flotation techniques were conducted and cross reactivity with other helminths were either absent or very low. Further refinement and improvement of both serological test systems is necessary to increase the diagnostic potential. KEYWORDS: Indirect ELISA, IHAT, Titre, OD, Postmortem inspection, Sensitivity, Specificity, Cysticercus bovis, Taenia saginata
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    Does Liquidity Determine Profitability of Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks?
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-12) Tilahun Getachew; Alem Hagos
    The major focus of this study is to answer the question does liquidity determine profitability’s in the case of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Eight private commercial banks were included in the sample that had at least ten years annual report out of sixteen. Document review was used for collecting data from 2008- 2017 annual reports.In line with this objective, the study adopted quantitative methods of research approaches to test the study hypothesis. The study applied return on assets as the proxy for financial profitability and panel data with its fixed effect estimate to test a series of hypotheses that emergethrough the review of existing literature. The collected data then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and panel data regression analysis. To confidently forward conclusion, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and tocorrelation tests were conducted on the data. The data then were processed using Eviews 10 statistical package. The results show that: the profitability of sampled banks was determined by their liquidity. Overall variables such as liquid assets to total asset ratio, liquid assets to total deposit ratio, loan to total asset ratio and loan to total deposit ratio found positive significant influence on profitability of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Finally, private commercial banks most focus on effective liquidity management to maximize their profitability was given as recommendation.
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    Studies on Prevalence and Economic Impact of Poultry Coccidiosis in Different Production Systems in Debrezeit and Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2001-12) Safari Kinung'hi Methusela; Tilahun Getachew
    CoccidIa infectJons In poultry are prevalent and causes ~ignificant economIC losses worldwide lr: Ethlop!;).. prenous studies did not anempt to sub..,tantially assessment of economic losses due (,) coccldIOSi.:.. This stud~ \\ as deSigned to determlilc the pre\'alence of poultry coccidiOSIS. Ident':':- species of coccidia mvoh'ed. examine pathological changes associated wuh coccidIa mfectlo:-:. and assess the economic Impact of the disease JO small scale and large scale poultry farms !:" urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. The study population consiqed of broiler and layer chicken in 26 poultry farms. They included 5 large scale broiler farmc;, :: large scale layer farm" with deep Jitter reanng system . ..l large scale layer farms with cage re~lrin£ syqe:n. 12 !.ll1all sCCll..: I:IroIie:- farm::. and 3 smal1 ::.cale pullet rearing farm:;, both with deep litter rearing systems. F;}ecal sClmples were randoml) collected from al! poultry farms a\ follo\\ s. ~5-30 s:!mples iroll, every small scale farm and 35-75 samples from e\'ery large scale fJrm. Overall lO28 f~eca: ~.J.mple!. \\ere collected. Qualitative and quanlHative faecal examinallons \~ere earned out uSln; SImple salt floatation and modIfied .\1c.\laster techniques. respectively Sporulation of co.:cicl<' OO:YSb \\ as done followed by micros .... opic exanllnJtion for shape and SIZt: Further. a sample of ~~O birds w:!:, rJndom!~ seleCtee The sekctcc ":)m!.~ \'. ;!r;!~lSifibuke