Browsing by Author "Tesfaye, Elias"

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    Assessment of Awareness Raising Efforts by Addis Ababa City Administration Traffic Management Agency to Reduce Road Traffic Crashes
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Tesfaye, Elias; Ghebre-Ghiorghis, Dr. Solomon
    Road traffic crash has been a horrific and devastating life situation every single day. In Addis Ababa on average one person loses his/her life per day or 480 people die per year on the roads. The research is conducted to assess the awareness raising efforts by Addis Ababa City Administration Traffic Management Agency (AATMA) to reduce road traffic crashes. To meet the objective of the study, both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used. A questionnaire was administered to 141 respondents. In addition, in- depth interviews and a focus group discussion session were held with participants from AATMA. Qualitative data was presented by descriptive narration and the quantitative one was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and presented in the form of table and chart. The findings of the study showed that the road safety awareness raising efforts of the Agency include among other things offering awareness-raising education mostly in a planned and organized way, preparing contents that address the behavioral and ethical problems of road users, working with education sector to include road safety and traffic management system in the curriculum, working at grass roots level i.e. having specialized and scheduled awareness creation plan at public gatherings, utilizing media to educate or inform the public despite some constraints. Hence, the findings of the study revealed that the awareness-raising efforts played key role for the reduction of road traffic crashes. The study shows that such decline is due to a combined effort of the three interventions of the Agency: education, enforcement and engineering though the Agency gives first priority to engineering. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher suggests possible recommendations for the problem. These include media are believed to be key strategy and upper hand of awareness-raising strategies. The finding of this study revealed that due to budget constraints and harsh financial rules, the Agency is not fully utilizing the electronic media. To conduct up-to-date and better road safety awareness-raising programs using the media, the City Administration has to allocate sufficient budget for awareness-raising programs. The upper management of the Agency has to remain engaged in lobbying media houses and other concerned bodies to largely discount road safety program costs as road safety issue is a common social responsibility. Eventually, the study gives some suggestions for further research.
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    The Effect of Sales Promotion on sales volume: the case of St. George Beer
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tesfaye, Elias; Kebede, Hailemariam (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sales promotion on sales volume of St. George Beer which is one of BGI Ethiopia Beer brands. The researcher found out various ways through which the company employed sales promotion to raise sales volume of its product, stimulate and arouse customers and dealers favorable behavior towards the company and its brand. This study showed the relationship between sales promotion effect and sales volume of St. George Beer. For the study, empirical data was gathered from 255 respondents using self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables. The study also used mixed approach since both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. The findings of the study revealed that all the independent variables influence the dependent variable, sales volume positively and significantly. Based on the objective of the study, four hypotheses were formulated and tested and the result showed all were supported. The populations of the study were channel distributers of the company’s product at large and selected employees of the company itself. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary data, structured questionnaire and personal interviews were used to elicit data from the respondents. Simple tables and percentage were used to analyze the collected data. Based on the analysis, the sales promotion message of BGI Ethiopia influence sales of the product, and dealers confirmed that they sell more St. George Beer during promotional periods. The researcher recommended that the company should maintain and improve its sales promotion campaign and more sales promotional activities should be integrated with other promotional tools. In conclusion, the promotional activities on St. George beer influence channel distributers/customers to sale more of the brand and hence the sales volume increases as well.
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    Self-Stigma among out Patients with Mood Disordersat St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Facility-Based Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-12) Tesfaye, Elias; Worku, Benyam(PhD)
    Background: There is little information on the degreeof self-stigma experienced by patients with mood disorder across Ethiopia. This study describes the levels of self-stigma, stigma resistance, self esteem and the level of disability reported in these groups who had follow up as outpatient in Psychiatry clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 consecutive samples of people with mood disorder using interviewer administered (ISMI) scale. Data was entered and analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate linear regressions were done to identify correlates of self stigma. Results:Almost one in three patients (31.5%) reported moderate or high levels of self-stigma, (54.9%) had moderate or high stigma resistance score, (67.2%) hadmoderate or high self esteem,(27.7%) had moderate to high level of discrimination experience and One fourth of them (26.4%) had moderate to severe or extreme disability. And also,Females had higher self stigma (std. β = .169 with P < 0.01) than males and good adherence to medication was significantly correlated with lower self stigma (std. β = -.212 with P < 0.01) when compared with non adherence. In a multivariate linear regression model (60%) of the variancein self-stigma scores, among people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or depression, wasaccounted for by levels of self esteem and stigma resistance. Conclusions: These findings suggested that self-stigma occurs among approximately 1 in 3 people with mood disorder in urban city of Ethiopiawhich was much higher than the findings in Europe. Female showed higher self stigma than male. So, Patient empowerment, psychosocial interventions and psychoeducation to increase compliance to medication can be helpful in reducing self stigma among people with mood disorder.