Browsing by Author "Temesgen, Melese"

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    Nutrient Constituents of Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) Corm and Leaf For Infant Food Development and Chicken Feed Formulation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-04) Temesgen, Melese; Retta, Negussie (Professor); Tesfaye, Etalem (Professor)
     Ensuring food and nutrition security in Ethiopia has remained a widespread challenge. In the process of ensuring food security and better livelihood status, underutilized and less exploited food and feed resources should get a prior attention. The objective of this study is utilizing the extensive research outputs on how to use taro corm and leaves accompanied with processing methods for infant food and chicken diet formulation at a good level of nutrient sources. The study was conducted using taro corm for complementary food development and taro leaf for chicken feeding. The analyses undertaken were proximate composition mineral content, anti-nutritional content, functional properties of the food and feed, amino acid, fatty acid profile, β-carotene and other phytochemicals. Crude protein content ranged from 10.49±2.38 to 12.13±2.32 and 25.43±1.92 to 26.25 ±1.53 for taro corm and taro leaf, respectively. Similarly, crude fat in taro corm and taro leaf ranged from 2.61±1.11 to 3.42±0.65, and 5.84±0.16 to 6.37±0.95, respectively. Crude fiber content in taro corm ranged from 2.11±0.26 to 2.80±0.93, and in taro leaf from 3.19±1.98 to 4.60±1.39. The total ash, carbohydrate and energy content in corm were higher than that of taro leaves. However, amino acid composition was higher in the leaf than corm. The optimized complementary food had a proximate content of crude protein; crude fat, total ash, and carbohydrate and energy value were 22.23±0.6, 6.32±0.78, 4.8±0.32 and 56.5±0.46, respectively. The chicken feeding treatments were inclusion of taro leaf meal at 0% (T1), 3% (T2), 5% (T3) and 7% (T4).The nutrient content of chicken meat was determined and differs significantly (P<0.05). In breast chicken muscles the nutrient compositions (protein, fat, ash and vitamin C) were in the order of T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 except the crude fiber content. Therefore, through this study taro leaf and corm were found to be good dietary sources and gave higher nutritional values both for infant complementary food development and chicken feed formulation. Therefore, the findings of this study were found to be very significant for future use of taro leaf in chicken diet and it is believed that this study could give insights for use of taro flour in industry level for making complementary foods to mitigate household food insecurity and malnutrition in Ethiopia. Key words: Chicken meat; Complementary food ;Digestibility; Malnutrition and Taro.
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    Seismic Activity Around Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-02) Temesgen, Melese; Ayele, Atalay (PhD)
    All data recorded from January 2016 to August 2017 using the three permanently installed stations around the city namely AAE, FURI and ANKE together with the newly deployed (on December 2016) permanent seismic station WLRA (Wolmera) are used in this study. During this period81 natural earthquakes and 123 quarry explosions were recorded around Addis Ababa. The local magnitude of natural earthquakes registered ranges from 1.3 to 5.1 ML and the local magnitude from quarry explosions ranges from 1.2 to 3.0 ML. The seismic events those from earthquakes clustered around the city of Addis Ababa. However, it is not in random fashion; most of the events from natural earthquakes around the city are concentrated following the trend of the MER which is NE -SW. Most of the epicenters concentrate SW and NE of the city. Few earthquake events are located on north of the city and around its eastern part. No events are located on the western part within the period of our observation. The other seismic events registered are explosions from quarry sites in the neighborhood of Addis Ababa within 10-30 Km radius from the city center with the exception to the southwestern part. Epicenters from quarry explosion trend along the location of quarry sites. Most of the quarry events cluster east of the city since most of active quarry sites are located in that area; to be specific east of the Bole International Airport. One of the discrimination methods of earthquakes from quarry blasts is by using origin time of events. Almost all quarry blasts are conducted in the daytime from 8:00AM to 5:00 PM whereas the natural earthquakes can originate anytime of the day. Locations of event sites are also used as a discriminator. Quarry sites, are clustered in close proximity to the city while natural earthquakes are not limited to specific sites and origin time unlike explosions. The other method used for isolation of the two types of events is by comparing the spectra of the seismogram from natural earthquakes and from the quarry explosion. The spectrogram of events from natural earthquakes and quarry explosions is analyzed using the seismograms from Z component AAE and FURI for this study. The result shows a difference in frequency and energy radiation pattern for the two groups of events. The seismograms from quarry blasts have weaker body waves with high frequency content while earthquakes have stronger body wave arrival with low frequency content relative to the explosion events. In addition I tried to discrimination events from quarry blasts and earthquakes by using ratio of amplitude of body waves to surfaces waves Ap/As. This method is not 100% efficient. However, I used it together with the above mentioned methods to discriminate quarry blasts from natural earthquakes.