Browsing by Author "Tariku Jibat"

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    Foot and Mouth Disease in the Borena Plateau: Livelihoods Impact and V Accina Tion Benefit - Cost Analysis, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Tariku Jibat; Berhanu Admassu
    Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly communicable and economically important disease of livestock and wild animals. This study was conducted on FMD's livelihoods impact, trend analysis and benefit-cost ratio of vaccination in Borena zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. The study used pal1icipatory appraisal methods and secondary data sources. Livestockrelated livelihoods options accounted for 31 % of the total means of food and income source followed by crop farming. This study clearly showed that FMD had the greatest impact on the cattle-derived benefits and the trend of outbreaks frequency and severity has been increasing with timeline from 1960 to 2007 (1=0.612) . Furthe11l10re, tlu•ough the timeline, FMD outbreaks frequency and severity was found to be significantly correlated to length of extended dry season (r=0.377). In addition, FMD is ranked number one cattle disease after 1985 with significant rank change (t=12 .04) as compared to 1984 and before. In this study area vaccination was proposed after realizing that majority of the FMD cases remain untreated and outbreaks remain uncontrolled. The benefit from FMD vaccination is found to be 9.1 times that the expenses of the vaccination indicating that the control of FMD in Borena zone by vaccination could be justified on economic grounds. The feasibility of FMD vaccination as control strategy needs to be examined in the light of FMD's significant impacts on livelihoods, its positive benefit-cost ratio for vaccination, absence of an envirol1lllent suitable for FMD control through movement control, quarantine, culling and other options. The benefit-cost ratio of vaccination was less sensitive to vaccination costs change. Although it is not expected for a vaccination program to lead to a disease free status in herds in the region soon, decreased FMD incidences will lead to increased milk production and calf survival. This would imply less stress on people's lives, secure food sources and social harmony and also might increase national and intemational trade opportunities. Keywords: Food security, ecollomic modeling, participatory epidemiology, socio-economics, trend analysis.
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    Foot and Mouth Disease in the Borena Plateau: Livelihoods Impact and Vaccination Benefit - Cost Analysis, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-12-01) Tariku Jibat; Tesfaye Rufael
    Foot-And-Mouth Disease (FMD) Is An Acute, Highly Communicable And Economically Important Disease Of Livestock And Wild Animals. This Study Was Conducted On FMD's Livelihoods Impact, Trend Analysis And Benefit-Cost Ratio Of Vaccination In Borena Zone, Oromia Regional State Of EthiOpia. The Study Used Participatory Appraisal Methods And Secondary Data Sources. Livestock Related Livelihoods Options Accounted For 31 % Of The Total Means Of Food And Income Source Followed By Crop Farmjng. This Study Clearly Showed That FMD Had The Greatest Impact On The Cattle-Derived Benefits and The trend Of Outbreaks Frequency And Severity Has Been Increasing With Timeline From 1960 To 2007 (r--O.612). Furthermore, Through The Timeline, FMD Outbreaks Frequency And Severity Was Found To Be Significantly Correlated To Length Of Extended Dry Season (r--O.377). In Addition, FMD Is Ranked Number One Cattle Disease After 1985 With Significant Rank Change (t=12.04) As Compared To 1984 And Before. In This Study Area Vaccination Was Proposed After Realizing That Majority Of The FMD Cases Remain Untreated And Outbreaks Remain Uncontrolled. The Benefit From FMD Vaccination Is Found To Be 9.1 Times That The Expenses Of The Vaccination Indicating That The Control Of FMD In Borena Zone By Vaccination Could Be' Justified On Economic Grounds. The Feasibility Of FMD Vaccination As Control Strategy Needs To Be Examined In The Light Of FMD's Significant Impacts On Livelihoods, Its Positive Benefit-Cost Ratio For Vaccination, Absence Of An Environment Suitable For FMD Control Through Movement Control, Quarantine, Culling And Other Options. The Benefit-Cost Ratio Of Vaccination Was Less Sensitive To Vaccination Costs Change. Although It Is Not Expected For A Vaccination Program To Lead To A Disease Free Status I.N Herds In The Region Soon, Decreased FMD Incidences Will Lead To Increased . Milk Production And Calf Survival. This Would Imply Less Stress On People's Lives,. Secure Food Sources And Social Harmony And Also Might Increase National And International Trade Opportunities.
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    Major Metacestodes of Cattle, Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at Bishoftu Elfora Export Abattoir, Community Percept Ion and Public Health Significance of Zoonotic Cestodes
    (2017-06) Ermias Worku; Tariku Jibat
    A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2015 to March, 2016 in the Elfora export Abattoir, in the Bishoftu city of Ethiopia with the objective of estimating the prevalence, organ distribution, viability of Cysticercus bovis and Hydatid cyst, identifing major risk factors and assessing the level of risk perception of community about zoonotic cestodes. A total of 1169 animals comprising 384 cattle, 385 sheep and 400 goats .Out of the total 785 small ruminants examined for the presence of hydatid cysts and Coenurus cerebralis an overall prevalence of 7.39% and 3.8% was recorded, respectively. Of the total 400 goats examined for hydatid cysts, 6.8 % and Coenurus cerebralis 5% were found positive.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and at different age groups and in both species. However, young goats found significantly affected by Coenurosis. More Hydatid infected sheep were found in Negelle 17.6 % where as 11.7 % of goats with Hydatid cyst was found in Yabello zone. Organ distribution hydatid cyst revealed that lung and liver were found frequently infected. Out of 49 sheep with hydatid cysts, 57.1 % harbored hydatid cysts in lung, 36.7 % in liver, 2.04% in kidney and 4.08 % in muscle. In sheep, a total of 49 cysts were examined to identify cyst fertility or viability out of these 24%, 20%, 28% and 28% were identified as fertile, non viable, sterile and calcified, respectively. From a total of 27 lung cysts there was no fertile cyst detected in goats. Out of 384 randomly selected slaughtered cattle, 17 (4.4%) and 47 (12.2%) were infected with Cysticercus bovis and Hydatid cyst, respectively. Regarding organ distribution, tongue was the most frequently infected organ with Cysticercus bovis. The total 119 Hydatid cysts being collected from the infected cattle were distributed as in the lungs 63.03 %, liver 33.6 % and kidneys 3.36 %. Of a total of 74,684 patients admitted for stool examination in the two private clinics and one referral hospitals in Bishoftu, 495 (0.61%) Taeniosis cases were registered. Males are 2 times more prone to acquiring Taeniosis than female (OR=2.096,P=0.000). Education status created significant role in risk of exposure in which tertiary educated individuals has low risk than illiterates and other levels of education. From a total of 100 people 69% knew that tapeworm could spread from animals to humans. There was significant difference in high risk group where large number of Christians experienced consumption of raw meat (p = 0.001). These results suggest that the high prevalence of metacestode infestations in this area is a great concern for both medical and veterinary authorities to design therapeutic and preventive programmes to overcome this problem.