Browsing by Author "Tariku Dejene (PhD)"

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    Assessment of trends and determinants of under-five mortality among children born to older women: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Tamerat Denekw; Tariku Dejene (PhD)
    Introduction: Mortality has long been used as an indicator of the level of socioeconomic development of a country. Global attention has been drawn to under-five mortality through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The burden of underfive mortality of children is still not fairly divided. Two regions account for around 80% of under-five deaths among children: sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Ethiopia is one of six nations that account for half of the world's under-five mortality. Methods: The Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) from the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 provided nationally representative cross-sectional data. 6,199 children born to older women within the five years prior to the study formed the data. Home interviews were used to gather demographic data, such as mother and child characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and environmental variables. Multiplelevel regression analysis was utilized to get the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Result: The absolute number of under five deaths is 128/1000 live births in the year 2000 which reduce to 56/1000 live births in 2016. This study identified factors contributing for under-five mortality among children of women aged 35 to 49 years old. Sex of the child (female_ 0.65 (0.53, 0.79)), late age at first birth, 31 to 4o years at first birth 0.34 (0.11, 0.98), family size, having a family size of 6 to 10 0.18 (0.14, 0.24), longer birth interval, greater than 3 years 0.35 (0.26, 0.47) and ANC visits 1 to 3 ANC vests 0.65 (0.5, 0.84) lowered the odds of under-five mortality among children of relatively elders. On the other hand, Women aged 35 to 49 years who gave a twin Birth 6.15 ( 3.94, 9.6)), those with number of births in the last five years having 4 children (2.64 ( 1.15, 6.06) ), those with number of children ever born, having 9 or above children 3.79 ( 2.1, 6.84), those who gave birth at late age the index child, mother gave birth of the index child at late age (45 to 49) 2.13 ( 1.55, 2.93) had higher odds for their children experiencing child death before they celebrated their fifth birthday. Conclusion: The absolute number of under five deaths of older women is 128/1000 live births in the year 2000 which reduce to 56/1000 live births in 2016. Female children, children born from first from elder mothers, those children residing with large family size, children born with longer birth interval and children for whom their mothers received ANC visits were found to have lower odds of mortality.
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    Examine Change in Nuptiality Patterns and Implications for Fertility Transition in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-01) Dame Kedir; Terefe Degefa (Prof); Tariku Dejene (PhD)
    This study comprehensively examines the shifts in nuptiality patterns in Ethiopia and their broader demographic implications, particularly focusing on the determinants of marriage timing, marital stability, and their contributions to lifetime fertility transitions. Using nationally representative data obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2000 and 2016, the analysis reveals that marriage remains an early and nearly universal institution in Ethiopia. However, significant differences in the timing of first marriage and marital trajectories observed between the two birth cohorts and across the regions, reflecting the interplay of socioeconomic, cultural, and policy-driven influences. The national trends show a gradual shift towards delayed marriage and increased marital stability, with a notable 46% reduction in marital instability rates over the study period. These changes are driven by improvements in women's education and workforce participation, as well as regional disparities that underscore the importance of sub-national contexts. Addis Ababa and Gambela regions, for instance, demonstrated significant delays in marriage timing attributed to targeted policies, urbanization, and enhanced access to educational and economic opportunities. Conversely, the Harari and SNNP regions showed minimal changes in marriage timing, highlighting the prevalence of persistent cultural norms and the limited impact of policy in these areas. The analysis further establishes a direct link between nuptiality patterns and the decline in lifetime fertility. Shifts in the timing of marriage, coupled with increased marital stability, reduced the overall fertility rate. Early marriage and instability, while still prevalent, were mitigated by improvements in socioeconomic conditions, reductions in child mortality, and the availability of modern family planning methods. These factors collectively contributed to a significant decline in fertility, underscoring the transformative role of nuptiality changes in shaping demographic transitions. The findings of this study highlight the critical need for region-specific interventions that address inequalities in education, wealth, and reproductive health services. Addressing these disparities can promote equitable marriage practices and better reproductive health outcomes. Furthermore, integrating nuptiality patterns into family planning and population policy frameworks offers an opportunity to optimize demographic transitions and improve the effectiveness of targeted programs.
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    Exploring the Drivers of Unintended Pregnancy and its Implications among Homeless Women in Selected Sub-cities of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04) Mikiyas Negatu; Tariku Dejene (PhD)
    Unintended or unplanned pregnancies imply to pregnancy which was untimed and not planned by women. It’s prevalence in Ethiopia among women in the general population is reported as 26.6% from 2020 EDHS data. The major objective of this study was to explore the driving factors or reasons and implications of unintended pregnancy among homeless women in Addis Ababa. We interviewed sixteen homeless women who experienced unplanned pregnancies using a phenomenological qualitative approach by using purposive sampling at six sub-cities of Addis Ababa. The drivers of unintended pregnancy fall into four major themes: barriers in decision-making, societal pressures and norms surrounding contraception and pregnancy, complex life influences, and challenges with contraceptive use and mismanagement. Meanwhile, the implications of unintended pregnancy include the challenges faced by homeless women and their coping mechanisms. Enhancing health literacy can improve contraceptive use and empower homeless women to exercise control over their reproductive rights.