Browsing by Author "Tadesse Beyene"

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    The Impact of Agricultural Extension on Maize Production: A Case Study of Sasakawa Global-2000 Extension Project in Bako Area
    (A.A.U, 1998-06) Tadesse Beyene; Admassie Assefa
    The SG 2000 extension project has been disseminating improved maize technologies, among others, to achieve its objective of improving farm productivity and thereby increasing food grain production. However, the SG 2000 project may not be special to weakness and constraints that the previous extension approaches were faced with. Thus, this thesis has attempted to identify determinants of extension participation, and to evaluate the impact of the SG 2000 extension project on maize production by examining the level of awareness, adoption, and the increment in productivity and profitability attained using the improved maize production in the Bako area. The Probit model and the Two-Stage Switching Regression approach were employed in the analysis using data collected from 225 sample farm households. It has been found out that proximity to the main road, number of oxen owned, total farm size owned, education level of the household head and availability of credit for down payment significantly affected farms decision to participate in the SG 2000 extension activities significantly high number of both the extension participant and non- participant sample farmers have been aware of the improved maize technologies. However, while almost all the sample extension participating farmers adopted the improved maize technologies, only 10% of the sample non-extension participating farmers adopted. The analysis showed that using the improved maize technologies is much more productive as indicated by the higher elasticity coefficients and the marginal products of the inputs. The increment in productivity (gross benefit) resulted from the extension program has been estimated to be 37. 25 quintals of grain maize per hectare. Considering different scenarios of cost for the improved practices the net benefit for the SG ranges from 726.46 to 1267.48 Birr per hectare, and accordingly the MRR ranges from 36% to 213%. On the other hand, the net benefit for the NSG from the traditional practices is only 385.60 Birr per hectare. Nevertheless, many technical and policy problems have been identified affecting the sustainability of the adoption and the incremental productivity of the improved maize technologies. Therefore, the use of the improved maize technologies and the net benefit exhibited by the adopters may be for the short-run and lo may be limited to benefit only few farmers. Thus, the challenge remains with how to accelerate the adoption and maintain the productivity level of the improved maize technologies on a sustainable base. In this regard, subsidizing and facilitating credit services, output price support, encouraging intra-regional trade, improving input supply, promoting the development of infrastructure and encouraging further research to develop streams of improved seeds are suggested.
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    The Impact of the Export of Live Animals on the Meat Processing Firms and Foreign Exchange Earnings to the Economy of Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Fitta Terefe; Tadesse Beyene
    Agro-processing sector should have to grow in order to match the growing supply of agricultural products and increasing demand for processed agricultural products. Agro-processing designed for accelerating growth and poverty reduction, and the ultimate achievement of structural transformation, is the critical policy challenges in present day Ethiopia. This paper examines the impact of the Export of Live Animals on the Meat processing Firms and Foreign Exchange Earnings in terms of the value of meat processed and exported and assess the gain/loss/ against the value of the export of live animals particularly cattle, sheep and goat if processed in domestic firms. The study was originated from the hypothesis that meat processing firms operate far below their installed capacity due to supply shortage; meanwhile the country exports live animals. To this end the study data was collected from meat processing firms and the ECuA (from 1997-2007; though transactions were not regular) and NBE, and compiled on monthly bases for econometric analysis and yearly bases for descriptive analysis. Because of the time series nature of economic data, Error Correction econometric Model was used for analyses. The analyses results revealed that processing livestock (cattle, sheep, and goat) fetches more benefits as compared to exporting live animals. The analyses of the model, that is, the econometric result showed that the export of live animals significantly affected the performance of meat processing firms. Accordingly, the same amount of processed meat of heads of livestock generates more benefits over the export of the same amount of live animals and the estimated minimum net gain obtained per head is 23.21, 8.33 and 23.09 ETB for cattle, sheep and goat respectively. Despite the fact that it requires detailed examination, with the current capacity utilization alone, this preliminary study shows that the unutilized gap of meat processing firms in terms of the value is estimated to 192 million ETB per year while on average firm operate the value of about 32 million ETB per year. Thus, in addition to the low supply to which domestic firms are confronted, these results validate that the export of live animals has an impact on the meat processing firms.
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    Measuring Total Factor Productivity and Competitiveness of Ethiopia: Textile and Garment Industry
    (A.A.U, 2008-07) Hussen Jemal; Tadesse Beyene
    This paper analysis the levels of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment industries in sight from medium and large scale firms over the period 2001-2005. In this regard, textile and garment sub-sector plays an important role in industrialization and economic development. Despite its importance for industrialization, the Ethiopian textile and garment sub-sector has not shown encouraging sign both in terms of productivity and competitiveness. Hence, the general objective of this study aimed at analyzing the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment sub-se::tor using secondary data from central statistical agency of Ethiopia which covers five years period. The study considered 17 textile and 8 garment sample firms. In the analysis, the study employed stochastic frontier production function model and unit cost ratio method. The study made use of a computer program frontier version 4.1c and stata version 9 as a tool for analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness capacity of the sub-sector is not good. On average, technical progress, technical efficiency and Scale efficiency (economies of scale) declined by -34%, -25% and -1.3% per annum over the study period, respectively. The negative change of these efficiencies resulted in negative total factor productivity growth. SO, the contribution of total factor productivity to output growth is found -60.3% per annum. With regard to competitive capacity, all the four digit groups of manufacturing activities in the sub-sector prove to be uncompetitive even in the domestic market. From this analysis, therefore, it would be probably drain that the growth of the subsector is pulled back by total fac tor productivity gro11" 17 & failed to compete both in domestic and international market as a result of increasing trends in technical regress, technical and scale inefficiencies as we:! as cost ineffectiveness. This is, perhaps, a reflection of firm level weakness with mediocre product ct design, use of backward machineries, limited international exposure and passive inaction to competitive products. Thus, textile and garment firms ought to family work in addressing their weakness and adjust themselves with the challenges of the changing global environment. Government should also play its supportive role in terms of ensuring fairly competitive domestic market, providing market and technology intonation, supporting trainings and minimizing transaction costs related to the provision of its services.
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    Measuring Total Factor Productivity and Competitiveness of Ethiopian Textile and Garment Industries
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Hassen Jemal; Tadesse Beyene
    This paper analysis the levels of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment industries in sight from medium and large scale firms over the period 2001-2005. In this regard, textile and garment sub-sector plays an important role in industrialization and economic development. Despite its importance for industrialization, the Ethiopian textile and garment sub-sector has not shown encouraging sign both in terms of productivity and competitiveness. Hence, the general objective of this study aimed at analyzing the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment sub-sector using secondary data from central statistical agency of Ethiopian which covers five years period. The study considered 17 textile and 8 garment sample firms. In the analysis, the study employed stochastic frontier production function model and unit cost ratio method. The study made use of a computer program frontier version 4.1c and stata version 9 as a tool for analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness capacity of the sub-sector is not good. On average, technical progress, technical efficiency and scale efficiency (economies of scale) declined by -34%, -25% and -1.3% per annum over the study period, respectively. The negative change of these efficiencies resulted in negative total factor productivity growth. So, the contribution of total factor productivity to output growth is found -60.3% per annum. With regard to competitive capacity, all the four digit groups of manufacturing activities in the sub-sector prove to be uncompetitive even in the domestic market. From this analysis, therefore, it would be probably drawn that the growth of the sub-sector is pulled back by total factor productivity growth & failed to compete both in domestic and international market as a result of increasing trends in technical regress, technical and scale inefficiencies as well as cost ineffectiveness. This is, perhaps, a reflection of firm level weakness with mediocre product design, use of backward machineries, limited international exposure and passive reaction to competitive products. Thus, textile and garment firms ought to family work in addressing their weakness and adjust themselves with the challenges of the changing global environment. Government should also play its supportive role in terms of ensuring fairly competitive domestic market, providing market and technology information, supporting trainings and minimizing transaction costs related to the provision of its services.
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    Mining Vital Statistics Data: the Case of Butajira Rural Health Program
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06-01) Tadesse Beyene; Million Meshesha
    Data milling is a relatively new field whose major objective is to ex tract knowledge hidden in large amounts of data. Vital statistics data offer a fertile ground for data mining by providing valuable source of information regarding the health status of a population. one of the most important public health functions is monitoring of a pulsation’s health Swills. At all levels of the health deli very structure a well organized health information system is vital for identifying the health needs of populations and for planning. implementation and monitoring of health interventions. The aim of this study is to discover knowledge that can be used to gain insight in to various aspects of mortality in the selected rural area of the country. The study explores the death aspect of the vital statistics data in the Blaire Rural health Program- BRHP database at butajira, Ethiopia. A data mining tool called weak is used build predictive model of 95,220 cases over an eighteen-year r period. A historical cohort study analyst is of vital statistic is conducted. It follows a IDM process modeling. This study apply classification algorithm , such as to extract interesting knowledge from temporal data on BRI-I!> database. The results obtained in the study contain valuable new information. These results com-eyed some interesting findings. The class frication algorithm reveals that the res lust indicates for the BRHP-' dataset, over 90% accurate results are possible for developing class frication r les that call be used in prediction From this result the researcher concludes that the vital statistics data can help to predict using the application of data mining classification technique given the limitation of this study. III general. the result from this study is encouraging
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    Operating Performance and Capital Structure of Rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Ethiopia: Application of Panel Threshold Method
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Engida Melkamu; Tadesse Beyene
    The main objective of this study was to examine whether operating performances of rural saving and credit cooperatives are under the influence of capital structure inline with loans growth, and to test if threshold relationship exists in these cooperatives of the Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray regions. A panel data of 92 rural saving and credit cooperatives from 2004 to 2007 was used and threshold regression analysis model developed by Hansen (1999) applied. Further, this study reviews the saving and loan outreach as well as financial performance of rural saving and credit cooperatives using Protection, Effective financial structure, Asset quality, Rates of return and cost, Liquidity and Signs of growth(PEARLS) monitoring system software that developed by World Credit Cooperative Union. The empirical findings depict that capital structures significantly influence rural saving and credit cooperatives. The threshold variables (net worth to loan ratio) have two values 0.11 and 0.01. When the threshold value is between these figures, every unit of growth in loans increases operating performance by 0.10 times, which is not satisfactory. The empirical findings also show that the growth in loans for the rural saving and credit cooperatives in all four regions affects operating performance. In addition, saving and loan outreach performance varies by region. While, Oromia comprises 53% of the rural saving and credit cooperatives, Amhara dominates with small number of savers (14%) but with large number of borrowers (30%). In general, the number of savers to borrowers in Amhara is 3:1, in Tigray 3.2:1, in SNNP 4:1 and in Oromia 23:1. Moreover, the empirical findings of financial performance of rural saving and credit cooperatives using monitoring system software shows that all rural saving and credit cooperatives in the country are not practicing loan loss protection and even solvency is 50% less than the standard.
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    The Preference for Micro Insurance Products by Households in the Informal Economy of Ghana."
    (A.A.U, 2008-06) Davidson Newlove; Tadesse Beyene
    Over the past few decades, governments and donor bodies became more focused in alleviating poverty through major policy reforms such as the structural adjustment programmeas well as the economic recovery programe. The world bank and the international monetary fund therefore initiated numerous poverty reduction strategy (PRS) programmes through many governments in developing countries. In recent times, the government of ghana has intensified its crusade on poverty alleviation by granting microcredits through various microfinance institutions in the country to many micro entrepreneurs operating in the informal economy. the main objectives of this study was therefore to investigate the main types of risks facing sampled households operating in the informal economy of ghana and identify various coping strategies used in managing their vulnerability to risk and an appraisal of the preference for micro insurance as the best alternative coping candidate. The study used data from the data base of enterprise life assurance company in Accra for its analysis. Descriptive statistics and probit regression procedures were used in this study. the study reveals that households faced a lot of risks among which the major ones are health, death and business risks. It was observed that vast majority of households essentially used informal insurance as risk management options. the regression results showed an inverse relationship between informal insurance and sampled households preference for microinsurance. This means that the more households are keen on using informal insurance the less their preference for micro insurance services. Additionally, the coefficients of health and property risks were positively related to sampled households preference for microinsurance, meaning that, given households frequent exposure to these risks, the need for microinsurance must increase. this study invokes a major challenge on the government of ghana to ensure a smooth delivery of the national health insurance scheme to households and advises the national insurance commission to encourage insurance companies to intensify their awareness programmes on the benefits of their various micro insurance products as the major way forward in risk management.
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    Remittances and Household Welfare: Longitudinal Evidence from Urban Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2008-07) Getachew Bizuayehu; Tadesse Beyene
    Two views are raised on the impact of remittances at the household level. The first view contends that remittances directly augment the income or recipient households and provide financial resources, increased household investments in education, entrepreneurship, and health . However, the second view states that remittances might have negative incentive effect which results in an increased in reservation wage and reduction in labor supply. The study examined the impact of remittances on household welfare, selectivity bias with regards to migration and remittances, and how households allocate the remittances they received from different sources. Using the Ethiopian Urban Socio Economic Survey, descriptive and econometric methodologies are adopted. The main findings include: the amount of receipt from domestic and international sources increased during the study period, remittances are primarily used for consumption followed by expenditure for schooling. It is found that there is no selectivity bias with regards to migration and recipient of remittances. The result also confirn1ed that the predicted per capita annual expenditure of remittance recipient households is higher than households that do not receive remittance in both the including remittances and no remittance scenarios. Finally, panel data model is estimated and the result materializes the welfare improving impact of remittances on the welfare of recipient households. Therefore, designing policies that increase the inflow and usage of remittances are vital. Policies include: improving the operation and service of financial institutions, providing incentives and training for remittance recipients will further increase the contribution of remittances to household 's welfare.