Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Tesfaye"

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    Decentralization and Service Delivery in Education (A case of Moretenna-Girru and Bereh Aleltuu Woredas in Amhara and Oromia Regions Respectively)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-01) Tadesse, Tesfaye; GebreEgzibeher, Tegegne (PhD)
    The major objective of this study was to examine the implementation process of Education Decentralization specifically in view of having the required institutions, and their performance, the level and nature of participation of the community, the financial resources made available and its adequacy. To meet the above objective concerned authorities, professionals and community members have been interviewed Data for the research was collected from primary sources with the help of interview guides, unstructured questionnaire and focus group discussion guides. Secondary sources were equally reviewed. The study was conducted in two Woredas in Amhara and Oromia Regional states. The study..Jound ou(,....amonfJ-..Oilie.r:.il:tings,Jli.aL ____________________ _ 1. Woreda Education Decentralization gave the mandate for responsibilities like: opening schools; recruit, promote, discipline and dismiss teachers and other educational professionals; procure and distribute school provisions without prior approval of Zonal and Regional bureaus. The study found that the power devolved is adequate to undertake the responsibilities of expanding Basic Education. But the relationship between the Woreda Education office and that of schools is mostly characterized by a top-down hierarchical relationship. 2. Both at Woreda Education and scl:tools level there is manpower problem in terms of having the relevant capacity to undertake the responsibilities and bring change in Education Decentralization. 3. There is acute budget shortage principally capital budget which is reflected in shortage of school infrastructure, provisions and manpower shortage and as a result a tendency of exercising much reliance on the community beyond it can afford to tolerate is observed. It was generally recommended that for Education Decentralization to succeed there is a need to address the capacity of all those involved from Woreda Education to the level of schools and equally the budget constraint must be solved if education should serve as a basis for all forms of development. Keywords: Decentralization, Decentralized Service delivery, Education Decentralization, Community Participation.
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    Freedom from Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Case of Some Selected Prisons of Oromia National Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-03) Tadesse, Tesfaye; Tadesse, Wondemagegn (Assoistant Professor
    Freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is one of the few fundamental rights under international human rights law prohibited without any derogation. Violations against this right will inevitability destruct the core theme of human dignity. All dominant international and regional human rights law instruments such as UDHR, ICCPR, ACHPR, ACHR, ECHR and most importantly CAT, provide for the prohibition of violation against this freedom in strict terms. States are under international obligation to ensure the protection of this freedom in all circumstances. Ethiopia also, as a state party to most of these instruments, has a duty to realize the full enjoyment of this freedom under its territory. Oromia National Regional State is the largest region in Ethiopia that has the largest population size- population all deserving the enjoyment of this freedom. On the other hand, prisons are places alleged to be notorious sites where the right of individuals to freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment can be vastly violated. The present work, therefore, evaluated the protection of this freedom in some selected prisons of Oromia region in light of international human rights law. In doing so, the writer has analyzed various international, regional, and domestic legal instruments, and relevant cases dealing with the right. After defining the normative content of the right, the writer has assessed five prisons- Woliso, Shashemene, Ambo, Ziway, and Adama- and one center of training for prisoners- Dippo [Adama] Technical and Vocational Training Center. The data collection stage of the work has employed questioner, interview, and field observation as a method of gathering information from prisoners, prison warders, and prison authorities in which more than 200 respondents have been consulted. After conducting serious analysis, the writer has, eventually, reached to the following findings: Except for mild cases of Dippo center of training, the treatment of prisoners in all prisons covered under the study is poor; especially prisoners are suffering from impoverished conditions of accommodation, clothing and bedding, personal hygiene, medical care, sport and exercise, library and book, work, education and training, separation of categories, and lack of compliant procedures. There is grave violation against prisoners’ right to freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, except in Dippo center of training. There is no well organized training program on human rights and treatment of prisoners arranged for prison warders. There is no experience in which persons (prison warders or authorities) who violated this freedom had been prosecuted. The work has, finally, recommended plausible solutions to strengthen the protection of this freedom in these prisons
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    Freedom From Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Case of Some Selected Prisons of Oromia National Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-03) Tadesse, Tesfaye; Tadesse, Wondemagegn
    Freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is one of the few fundamental rights under international human rights law prohibited without any derogation. Violations against this right will inevitability destruct the core theme of human dignity. All dominant international and regional human rights law instruments such as UDHR, ICCPR, ACHPR, ACHR, ECHR and most importantly CAT, provide for the prohibition of violation against this freedom in strict terms. States are under international obligation to ensure the protection of this freedom in all circumstances. Ethiopia also, as a state party to most of these instruments, has a duty to realize the full enjoyment of this freedom under its territory. Oromia National Regional State is the largest region in Ethiopia that has the largest population size- population all deserving the enjoyment of this freedom. On the other hand, prisons are places alleged to be notorious sites where the right of individuals to freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment can be vastly violated. The present work, therefore, evaluated the protection of this freedom in some selected prisons of Oromia region in light of international human rights law. In doing so, the writer has analyzed various international, regional, and domestic legal instruments, and relevant cases dealing with the right. After defining the normative content of the right, the writer has assessed five prisons- Woliso, Shashemene, Ambo, Ziway, and Adama- and one center of training for prisoners- Dippo [Adama] Technical and Vocational Training Center. The data collection stage of the work has employed questioner, interview, and field observation as a method of gathering information from prisoners, prison warders, and prison authorities in which more than 200 respondents have been consulted. After conducting serious analysis, the writer has, eventually, reached to the following findings: Except for mild cases of Dippo center of training, the treatment of prisoners in all prisons covered under the study is poor; especially prisoners are suffering from impoverished conditions of accommodation, clothing and bedding, personal hygiene, medical care, sport and exercise, library and book, work, education and training, separation of categories, and lack of compliant procedures. There is grave violation against prisoners’ right to freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, except in Dippo center of training. There is no well organized training program on human rights and treatment of prisoners arranged for prison warders. There is no experience in which persons (prison warders or authorities) who violated this freedom had been prosecuted. The work has, finally, recommended plausible solutions to strengthen the protection of this freedom in these prisons.
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    Genetic Algorithm Based Re- configuration of Plant Layouts A case study on Akaki Spare Parts and Hand Tools Factory
    (2007-07) Tadesse, Tesfaye; Chandra, Subhash (PhD)
    This paper describes a novel method based on genetic algorithms (GA) to solve the facilities re–configuration problem. Developing a proper floor layout is an important step in designing manufacturing facilities due to the impact of the layout to material handling cost and time, and its direct consequence on the overall productivity of the shop floor. Poor layout would result in having more parts spending longer time in moving from one facility to the other, and results in increased material handling costs. In contrast to the block layout the objective of facilities re-configuration is to find the appropriate placement of facilities with in the existing boundary of the factory floor for the new product coming in to the manufacturing system. The genetic algorithm based method developed to solve this uses the objective of minimizing the movement of materials being processed in the factory. This thesis investigates the potential of genetic algorithms in re-configuring factory floor facilities and presents a computer automated system for performing facilities reconfiguration task of an existing factory floor. The system integrates the powerful graphical capabilities of AutoCAD and the intricate search and optimization abilities of genetic algorithms for the purpose of solving facilities re-configuration problem. The computer automated system is implemented via Visual Basic 6.0. The interface features of Visual Basic and AutoCAD are utilized to capture the geometrical details of the existing factory floor layout and to represent the final solution graphically. Akaki Spare Parts and Hand Tools factory is selected as one of the factory which is suffering from re-configuration of its factory floor facilities. The final part of this thesis shall validate the systems performance taking ASPSC’s hand tools and cutlery division facilities as a case which is mostly dedicated to produce one type of product at a time.