Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Mekonnen (Professor)"

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    Competing Risk Analysis of the Health Status of Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-29) Ayele, Zenaw; Tadesse, Mekonnen (Professor)
    Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is not only the most common respiratory disorder in premature infants but also the main cause of neonatal mortality. Data from a study of illness in preterm project collected from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of five selected hospitals in Ethiopia during July 1, 2016, to May 31, 2018, were used to examine and identify potential prognostic factors of the health status of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome by considering the competing risk framework. Preterm infants admitted to NICU of the selected hospitals were followed for 28 days and only neonates with complete cases and RDS problems were included in the analysis. The Fine-Gray or sub-distribution hazard model was used to identify significant prognostic factors. Three outcome variables (death due to RDS, death due to other causes and discharged alive) were considered and the Fine-Gray model was fitted for each outcome variable separately. Anemia, multiple pregnancies, birthweight, and gestational age were the potential prognostic factors significantly associated with the death of neonates due to Respiratory distress syndrome problem. Pneumonia, meningitis, anemia, and gestational age of neonates were the significant prognostic factors for the death of neonates due to other causes. Moreover, pneumonia, birthweight, and gestational age were identified as the prognostic factors associated with being discharged alive of the neonates. Offering intensive and adequate treatments for most critically exposed neonates with lowest birth-weight (less than 1000g) and gestational age (less than 28 weeks) may be useful to decrease the burden of neonatal mortality and increase the incidence of being discharged alive.
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    Statistical Analysis of Non-climatic Factors Associated with Ethiopian Cereal Crops Yield
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-08-12) Oli, Moyibon; Tadesse, Mekonnen (Professor)
    It has been demonstrated that an increase in crop yields significantly reduces poverty. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country’s economy, accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The main objective of the study was to identify non-climatic factors significantly contributing to cereal crop yield in Ethiopia using the data obtained from the 2019/2020 agricultural survey provided by the Central Statistical Agency. In this study, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and dummy variable regression have been employed to identify non-climatic factors significantly contributing to cereal crop yield in Ethiopia and determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the factor levels of the categorical predictor variables on the mean response variable (average yield of cereal crops measured in kilo gram). The study results showed that seed type used, DAP, area size, and the interaction of DAP and area size were significantly contributing to the change in the mean amount of cereal crop yields in Ethiopia, even though there are regional variations in the factors/variables. Policymakers, the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture, and/or all concerned stakeholders should facilitate the accessibility and availability of improved seed and DAP to all farmers so that crop yield is increased and the demands for agricultural products of the country are met.