Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Hailu"

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    Evaluation of Suitability of Expensive Soils for Safe Building Foundation: A Case Study of Tulu Bolo Town, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2007-07) Tadesse, Hailu; Kumar, Tarun (PhD)
    Expansive soils in many parts of Ethiopia pose significant damages to foundation for light buildings including the study area, Tulu bolo town. Therefore, identification of the location and area extent of these expansive soils and evaluation of them is a paramount importance to mitigate this problem. This particular study was intended to address the major problem of Tulu Bolo town with objective of evaluating the factors for the suitability of expansive soils for safe building foundation design in Tulu bolo town. In order to achieve the objectives of the present study a systematic methodology has been adopted, such as; Literature reviewing, physical observation on the performance of the buildings foundation and associated problems and Laboratory analysis of soil samples. The laboratory analysis for evaluating of expansiveness of soils consists of Grain size distribution and soil type analysis, Atterberg limit analysis, shrinking and swelling analysis and Consolidation test. Average Atterberg limit of all the samples indicates that the values are very high and the soil is very expansive. It is possible to generalize that based on the Atterberg limit all the study area, the town Tulu bolo is located on very expansive soils. Like the Atterber limits value the swelling and shrinking values of the soil sampled showed nearly equal value but found to be very expansive which could cause big cracks. In addition with the expansiveness of the soils the consolidation test for settlement analysis indicates that the soils are very poor for foundation because of high clay content. The spatial variation of the soils in the study area is insignificant and it makes difficult to select the best sight for foundation of buildings. However even for this insignificant variation it was possible to put rank of suitability (Degree of expansiveness) in the study area. Therefore soil sample one is relatively better than the others. When buildings are constructed over expansive soils there are conditions to be considered for safe foundation. This study recommended that any building constructed in the town should be based on causations described in the recommendation part of this paper in order to prevent huge loss of money from construction of buildings. Key words: Expansive Soils, Buildings’ Foundation, Cracks of buildings, Atterberg limits, Soil Consolidation and Tulu Bolo
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    Judicial Reform in Ethiopia: A Critical Analysis on the Case of Addis Ababa City Government Courts
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-05) Tadesse, Hailu; Ayenew, Meheret (PhD)
    Addis Ababa City Charter Creates two levels of City Courts, exercising municipal jurisdiction- First Instance and Appellate Courts. There is no Supreme Court in the municipal court system, although a cassation bench is included within the Appellate Court. Cassation review of Appellate court decision can be brought before the Federal Supreme Court. This court has also the power to decide on matters of jurisdictional conflicts between the City and Federal courts. The court system in Addis Ababa City reflects a similar division as between federal and state courts, except being a two level one. The Ethiopian justice system, according to the Comprehensive Justice System Reform Program baseline study (2005), has three core problems. First, it is neither accessible nor responsive to the needs of the poor. Secondly, it has serious problems to tackle corruption, abuse of power, and political interference in the administration of justice. And thirdly, inadequate funding of the justice institutions aggravates most deficiencies of the administration of justice. As it is part and parcel of the country’s legal system the judicial system in the Addis Ababa City government is not absolutely free of the above mentioned insufficiencies. To carry out this research descriptive method is utilized. The research mainly relied on primary and secondary data. Secondary data sources include books and journals and articles. Internet sources were also extensively used. Out of the eleven courts, including the appellate court, four sample courts, which is more than thirty six percent of the total population .i.e. Bole, Yeka, Arada, and the Appellate court were selected as sample area to collect data. Random sampling is used to collect primary data, particularly using questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that: the JAC in the City Courts is powerless in the selection of judges; the process of selection of judges is not transparent; the A.A. City executive interference in the functions of the courts is high; investigation of ethical misconduct is not made by an impartial body and there is no way to appeal against the decisions of the JAC; judges representation in the JAC is insignificant; the courts are not empowered to independently administer their budget; the court structures in the City contradicts with the constitutional framework; the City courts are inefficient, not accessible, particularly, for the poor. Case management in the courts is too poor. The Court supporting staffs are unqualified, both in education and experience, and the least paid as well. Therefore, the judicial system needs to be reformed in the sense of having a predictable judicial environment with the perspective of reliable, independent, and efficient judicial system, which is an essential factor for democratization, good governance, and economic development in Ethiopia
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    Judicial Reform in Ethiopia: A Critical Analysis on the Case of Addis Ababa City Government Courts
    (A.A.U, 2010-05) Tadesse, Hailu; Ayenew, Meheret (Dr.)
    Addis Ababa city charter creates two levels of city courts, exercising municipal jurisdiction-First in stance and Appellate courts. There is no Supreme court in the municipal court system,although a cassation bench is included within the Appellate court. cassation review of Appellate court decision can be brought before the federal supreme court. This court has also the power to decide on matters of jurisdictional conflicts between the city and Federal courts. The court system in Addis Ababa city reflects a similar division as between federal and state courts, except being a two level one. The Ethiopian justice system, according to the comprehensive Justice System Reform Program baseline study (2005), has three core problems. First, it is neither accessible nor responsive to the needs of the poor. Secondly, it has serious problems to tackle corruption, abuse of power, and political interference in the administration of justice . And thirdly, inadequate funding of the justice institutions aggravates most deficiencies of the administration of justice. As it is part and parcel of the country's legal system the judicial system in the Addis Ababa City government is not absolutely free of the above mentioned insufficiencies. To carry out this research descriptive method is utilized. The research mainly relied on primary and secondary data. Secondary data sources include books and journals and articles. Internet sources were also extensively used. Out of the eleven courts, including the appellate court, four sample courts, which is more than thirty six percent of the total population .i.e. Bole, Yeka, Arada, and the Appellate court were selected as sample area to collect data. Random sampling is used to collect primary data, particularly using questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that: the JAC in the city courts is powerless in the selection of judges; the process of selection of judges is not ransparent; the A.A. City executive interference in the functions of the courts is high; investigation of ethical misconduct is not made by an impartial body and there is no way to appeal against the decisions of the JAC; judges representation in the JAC is insignificant; the courts are not empowered to independently administer their budget; the court structures in the city contradicts with the constitutional framework; the city courts are inefficient, not accessible, particularly, for the poor. Case management in the courts is too poor. The Court supporting staffs are unqualified, both in education and experience, and the least paid as well. Therefore, the judicial system needs to be reformed in the sense of having a predictable judicial environment with the perspective of reliable, independent, and efficient judicial system, which is an essential factor for democratization, good governance, and economic development in Ethiopia.