Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Ephrem"

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    Demographic and Socio- Economic Determinants of Household Food Poverty in Addis Ababa, the Case of Akaki - Kaliti Sub-City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tadesse, Ephrem; Degefa PhD, Terefe
    High rates of unemployment resulting from sluggish economic growth and low level of investment in urban centers combined with high population growth has negatively affected income earning potentials of urban residents. Even though there is long-held belief that urban population is better off, or even favored than rural populations, recent food and financial crises have highlighted the problem of urban food poverty in developing countries. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to assess the demographic and socio-economic determinants of food poverty among households in Akaki-kality Sub-city. To do so, socio- economic and demographic data obtained from Akaki- kality Sub-city Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) office were used. Foster, Greer and Thorbeck distributional measure of food poverty was employed to estimate head count ratio (food poverty situation) , food poverty gap and to assess the severity of household food poverty while econometric analysis was used to identify determinates factors of food poverty in within Sub-city. Several explanatory variables were considered including household size, dependency ratio, age of household head, sex of household head, marital status, education of household head, access to credit, health of household head and household food expenditure and food poverty as dependent variable. As the head count index shows 20.30 % of the total households are below the food poverty line. The food poverty gap and severity were 5 % and 1.9 %, respectively. The result of the regression model estimate indicates that out of the 9 factors included, five were found to have significant influence on the probability of being food poor at less than 5 % significance level. Urban population will continue to grow with its associated problems unless meaningful development interventions backed by research findings are undertaken. Further, efforts need to be made to improve the income earning capacity of households, education level with particular focus on vocational training, reduce family size with a view to reducing their dependency ratio and saving and credit access to enable them cope with food poverty
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    Hydrogeological System Analysis of Allydegi Plain and its Surroundings Using Geochemical Modeling and Isotope Techniques
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06-06) Tadesse, Ephrem; Kebede, Seifu (PhD)
    Allydegi plain and its surrounding, which is located in the middle Awash river basin of the Main Ethiopian Rift has lack of water supply problems. Hydrogeochemistry and isotope techniques were used to study the groundwater system of the area. Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks with recent alluvial and elluvial sediments are major geologic units. Fractured and weathered volcanic rocks and unconsolidated sediment aquifers are the key aquifers. Hydrochemical study result reveals that the area is characterized by four major water types. Water group of Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Ca-HCO3 types are characterized by recharge area waters. Na-HCO3 type waters are an evolved water types from highland and escarpments of Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Ca-HCO3 water types located in the center of the study area whereas highly concentrated Na-HCO3-Cl and/or Na-HCO3-SO4 type waters are characteristics of discharge area water types. The result of inverse geochemical modeling depicts that dissolution of silicate minerals, calcite, anhydrite and halite minerals, cation exchange, precipitation and/or weathering of clay minerals with a consumption of CO2(g) as a heat from deeper source through fractures control the groundwater chemistry of the area. Beside these, from the correlation of δ18O as a function of chloride content of the groundwater implies that rigorous evaporation and dissolution can be discriminated as salinity sources without ignoring the impact of Beseka Lake after draining in to Awash river. The estimated groundwater recharge of the area using CMB method is 98.11mm/yr and the roughly estimated ground water flow velocity using stable isotope monitoring results is about 5.6x10-3 m/sec. Stable isotopes study result illustrates that the ground water system is recharged from the combination of direct recharge from precipitation, from highlands that bounds the study area through fractures and from Awash river. Isotope monitoring result of Boreholes in Allydegi plain and Awash river also testifies that Awash river recharges the Allydegi plain. The hydrochemical and water level monitoring of reservoir and borehole at dam axis shows that the source of leakage at the left abutment is from reservoir rather than the groundwater system.
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    Psychosocial and Educational Experiences of Students from Potter Family at Primary Schools; Soro Woreda in Focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Tadesse, Ephrem; Admas, Fantahun (PhD)
    The major purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial experiences and educational challenges of students from potter family and assesse the existed support system at primary schools of Soro woreda, Hadiya zone. Qualitative case study research design was employed. Six students from potter family, six teachers, three school directors, two supervisors and head of woreda education office participated in this study. They were selected using purposeful sampling technique. Data were obtained through semi-structure interview, observation and Focus Group Discussion. The data were analyzed based on thematic data analysis technique. The findings revealed that the traditional harmful practice of social discrimination and looking down potter family was still vivid. Hence, students from potter family were despised and undermined by their schoolmates from non-potter family. As a result, lack of self-confidence, frustration, and feeling of inferiority, feeling of hopelessness and worthlessness, and depression were manifested in the everyday lives of the students from potter family. In addition, continuous social stigma and exclusion had made their life bitter, sorrowful and full of intimidation. Some students from potter family had dropped of school. Aside from their psychosocial pain, students from potter family faced economic problems including lack of getting enough food and school materials. Moreover, they have educational problems related to child work and labor, low parent‘s education and perception, poor teacher- student interaction and lack of adequate social support which ultimately lead to the difficult situation. The study concluded that, students from potter group are surrounded by many alarming circumstances that made their schooling at risk. The implication was made