Browsing by Author "Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)"

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    Impact of Household Extension Package on Food Security and Income of the Rural Households in Tigray: The Case of Kilte Awlaelo Woreda
    (Addis Ababa Univerisity, 2006-07) Gebretsadik, Tsegu; Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)
    The study is conducted in three tabias of Kilte Awlaelo Wereda, Tigray Region, to assess the impact of the household extension package on food security and income level of the beneficiary households. Data were collected by interviewing 120 sample households (55 package beneficiaries and 65 non beneficiaries) and from secondary sources. The quantitative assessment was supplemented by qualitative data collected from the sample households and different community members. Simple descriptive analysis was made usingSPSS software. The study results show that the package beneficiaries have achieved relatively better food security and income levels as compared to the non-beneficiaries. The introduction of integrated household package increased crop output by one quintal per hectare and an average net income of birr 482 per household. The available kilocalorie per person per day from own production was found to be 1,485 for the package beneficiaries and 1,066 for the non-beneficiaries. As compared to the national standard, 2200 kilocalorie per adult equivalent per day, package beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries fulfill only 68% and 48.5% respectively. Thus, although there is improvement in production and income of the beneficiaries, own production is not sufficient to uplift the food insecure households. In addition to own production, households in the study area were participating in "Food For Work" activities through the Safety Net Program .. Consequently, the total calorie available to the package beneficiaries raised by 889 kilocalorie per person per day and that of the non- beneficiaries by 401 kilocalorie per person per day. Average income per person per year was also increased by birr 206 and 178 for the package beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. Therefore, the results show that, on average, the package beneficiaries seem to fulfill their minimum calorie requirement and able to earn 67% of their daily income requirement from all sources. The food calorie available to and income of the package beneficiaries exceeded from that of the non-beneficiary by 41 % and 18% respectively. However, in absolute terms there are households who could not s till even cover a quarter of their calorie intake and income requirement. Moreover, the study findings indicate that the problems attributed to low fann outputs and consequently to food insecurity and poverty are mainly associated with low application of production enhancing technologies, dependency on unreliable and erratic rainfall and small land holding size. The reasons for low application of technological inputs were shortage of supply of improved seed varieties and animal breeds, and the escalating price of fertilizer and shortage of rainfall. The land holding is also too small to enable households to lead their life and 2 .5% of the households were landless. Therefore, improving supply of better yielding and drought tolerant crop varieties, impro ving livestock p ackages, vigorous development and expansion of inigation, and creation and expansion of non-fann employment opportunities are possible areas of inte rvention to improve food insecurity and to reduce poverty in Kilte Awlaelo Wereda.
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    Impact of Micro-Finance: The Case of Da Wuro Dicha Saving And Credit Program In Mareka Woreda, , Da Wro Zone, Snnpr
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2007-05) Bekalo, Amarech; Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)
    Sustainav[e provision of micro finance services is suggestea to wiaen tfie income sources of tfie yoor. Since tfie yoor ao not fiave access to forma[ financia[ services, micro - finance is suggestea as usefu[ way out for financial constraints. '11ie yoor can resume yroditctive activity or offset financia[ sfiortages. Tfiis stuay fiyyotfiesizes tfiat tfie yoor as aeveroyment agent fiave way outs to 'yesume yroditctive activity if tfieir cayita[ constraint is tack[ea. Tfiis assumes tn.at micro - credlt faciCities wi[[ so [ve micro-[ever aeveroyment constraint ([ack of finance) for fm'ming fiousefio[dS/ indiviaualS. '11ius tfiis stuay focuses on tfie ana[ysis of tfie imyact of micyofinance interventions (a case micro - credlt program). , '11ie main ovjective of tfiis stuay was tfierefore to assess tfie imyact of micro finance services yroviaea vy "'Dawro 'Dicfia Saving ana Credit Program" on fiousefio[a CiveCifioodS. '11ie imyact of micro - credit was investigatea on fiousefio[a income, on access to eaucation, fiousefio[a saving, aviaty to yay fiea[tfi exyenses, key asset owners fiip, farm exyansion ana coying stresses of tfie fiousefio[a. 'Data for tfie ana[ysis was generatea from yrimary ana seconaa.ry sources. Ana[ysis was conauctea vy using cross tavu[ation, frequency aistrivution, yercentages, ana cfii - square for (:ategorica[ variav[es. ana inaeyenaent samp[e t-tests fo'y continuous variav[es Tfie imyact of aeCivering financia[ service (micro - credlt) for regu[ar ana one (oan cyde cCients was ana[yzea vasea on some socia-economic inaicators. Tfie investigation revea[ea tfiat tfie 'Dawuro Saving ana Credit 1Jrogram fias maae Sign ificant imyact on fiousen.o[a income, access to eaucation, aviCity to yay fiea[tfi exyenses, engagement in income generating activities ana fiousefio[a suyy[ementary fooa exyendlture. J{owev er, statis tica[ test resu[ts sfiowea tfiat tfie imyact of tfie 'Dawro 'Dicfia Saving ana Credit yrogram is insignificant on agricultura[ croy yieCt£, farm [ana exyqnsion., coying witfi some aif.!icu[ties ana saving. :Major yrov[ems encounterea auring tfie program were insufficiency of [oan, timeCiness of [oan, market inaccessiviCity, inter est rate, reyayment, tfie [ow yrofitaviCity of tfie enteryrise ana not aecCaring tfie aiviaena. :from tfiis investigation, executing microfinance at rura[ area cou[a improve significant[y r fiousefio[a CiveCifiooa. :for more imyact Vroaaening [oan amount, revising aisvuTSement criteria ana,yeyayment sc fieau[e, intrgaucing contextua[ insurance scfieme are major areas ~~=~a. . Key words: Micl'ojill(lIlce" impact, regular and one loan cycle clients
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    The Impact of the Export of Live Animals on the Meat Processing Firms and Foreign Exchange Earnings to the Economy of Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Fitta, Terefe; Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)
    Agro-processing sector should have to grow in order to match the growing supply of agricultural products and increasing demand for processed agricultural products. Agro-processing designed for accelerating growth and poverty reduction, and the ultimate achievement of structural transformation, is the critical policy challenges in present day Ethiopia. This paper examines the impact of the Export of Live Animals on the Meat processing Firms and Foreign Exchange Earnings in terms of the value of meat processed and exported and assess the gain/loss/ against the value of the export of live animals particularly cattle, sheep and goat if processed in domestic firms. The study was originated from the hypothesis that meat processing firms operate far below their installed capacity due to supply shortage; meanwhile the country exports live animals. To this end the study data was collected from meat processing firms and the ECuA (from 1997-2007; though transactions were not regular) and NBE, and compiled on monthly bases for econometric analysis and yearly bases for descriptive analysis. Because of the time series nature of economic data, Error Correction econometric Model was used for analyses. The analyses results revealed that processing livestock (cattle, sheep, and goat) fetches more benefits as compared to exporting live animals. The analyses of the model, that is, the econometric result showed that the export of live animals significantly affected the performance of meat processing firms. Accordingly, the same amount of processed meat of heads of livestock generates more benefits over the export of the same amount of live animals and the estimated minimum net gain obtained per head is 23.21, 8.33 and 23.09 ETB for cattle, sheep and goat respectively. Despite the fact that it requires detailed examination, with the current capacity utilization alone, this preliminary study shows that the unutilized gap of meat processing firms in terms of the value is estimated to 192 million ETB per year while on average firm operate the value of about 32 million ETB per year. Thus, in addition to the low supply to which domestic firms are confronted, these results validate that the export of live animals has an impact on the meat processing firms.
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    Measuring Total Factor Productivity and Competitiveness of Ethiopian Textile and Garment Industries
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-07) Hassen, Jemal; Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)
    This paper analysis the levels of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment industries in sight from medium and large scale firms over the period 2001-2005. In this regard, textile and garment sub-sector plays an important role in industrialization and economic development. Despite its importance for industrialization, the Ethiopian textile and garment sub-sector has not shown encouraging sign both in terms of productivity and competitiveness. Hence, the general objective of this study aimed at analyzing the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness of Ethiopian textile and garment sub-sector using secondary data from central statistical agency of Ethiopian which covers five years period. The study considered 17 textile and 8 garment sample firms. In the analysis, the study employed stochastic frontier production function model and unit cost ratio method. The study made use of a computer program frontier version 4.1c and stata version 9 as a tool for analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the level of total factor productivity and competitiveness capacity of the sub-sector is not good. On average, technical progress, technical efficiency and scale efficiency (economies of scale) declined by -34%, -25% and -1.3% per annum over the study period, respectively. The negative change of these efficiencies resulted in negative total factor productivity growth. So, the contribution of total factor productivity to output growth is found -60.3% per annum. With regard to competitive capacity, all the four digit groups of manufacturing activities in the sub-sector prove to be uncompetitive even in the domestic market. From this analysis, therefore, it would be probably drawn that the growth of the sub-sector is pulled back by total factor productivity growth & failed to compete both in domestic and international market as a result of increasing trends in technical regress, technical and scale inefficiencies as well as cost ineffectiveness. This is, perhaps, a reflection of firm level weakness with mediocre product design, use of backward machineries, limited international exposure and passive reaction to competitive products. Thus, textile and garment firms ought to family work in addressing their weakness and adjust themselves with the challenges of the changing global environment. Government should also play its supportive role in terms of ensuring fairly competitive domestic market, providing market and technology information, supporting trainings and minimizing transaction costs related to the provision of its services.
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    Operating Performance and Capital Structure of Rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Ethiopia: Application of Panel Threshold Method
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Engida, Melkamu; Tadesse, Beyene (PhD)
    The main objective of this study was to examine whether operating performances of rural saving and credit cooperatives are under the influence of capital structure inline with loans growth, and to test if threshold relationship exists in these cooperatives of the Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray regions. A panel data of 92 rural saving and credit cooperatives from 2004 to 2007 was used and threshold regression analysis model developed by Hansen (1999) applied. Further, this study reviews the saving and loan outreach as well as financial performance of rural saving and credit cooperatives using Protection, Effective financial structure, Asset quality, Rates of return and cost, Liquidity and Signs of growth(PEARLS) monitoring system software that developed by World Credit Cooperative Union. The empirical findings depict that capital structures significantly influence rural saving and credit cooperatives. The threshold variables (net worth to loan ratio) have two values 0.11 and 0.01. When the threshold value is between these figures, every unit of growth in loans increases operating performance by 0.10 times, which is not satisfactory. The empirical findings also show that the growth in loans for the rural saving and credit cooperatives in all four regions affects operating performance. In addition, saving and loan outreach performance varies by region. While, Oromia comprises 53% of the rural saving and credit cooperatives, Amhara dominates with small number of savers (14%) but with large number of borrowers (30%). In general, the number of savers to borrowers in Amhara is 3:1, in Tigray 3.2:1, in SNNP 4:1 and in Oromia 23:1. Moreover, the empirical findings of financial performance of rural saving and credit cooperatives using monitoring system software shows that all rural saving and credit cooperatives in the country are not practicing loan loss protection and even solvency is 50% less than the standard.