Browsing by Author "Soromessa, Teshome(PhD)"
Item Carbon Stock Estimation on four Selected Urban Public Parks: Implication for Carbon Emission Reduction in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Tsegaye, Alem; Soromessa, Teshome(PhD)Climate change is one of the grand challenges that have faced humanity. Anthropogenic emission of CO2 is the major cause for current global warming. However only few studies have been conducted from emission reduction perspectives on urban public parks offset CO2 in the atmosphere. This study was, therefore, aimed at estimate the carbon stock in four selected public parks in Addis Ababa using non-destructive method. Complete listing for AGB of trees with DBH ≥10cm and systemic sampling method for soil and litter carbon stock estimation was employed. Forty five10m*10m sample plots were laid for soil and litter. The soil and litter carbon was determined by Walkley-Black method and ashing method, respectively. Tree specimens were taken to the National (ETH) Herbarium for identification. The carbon stock of 118.748±82.00 ton/ha, 23.75±16.40 ton/ha, 1.148±0.341ton/ha and 93.93±32.99 ton/ha were recorded in the above ground biomass, below ground biomass, dead litter and soil pool respectively. The corresponding CO2equivalent in different pools were 632.285±596.52 ton/ha, 87.15±60.19 ton/ha, 4.214±1.250 ton/ha and 344.71±121.08 ton/ha. Cupressus lusitanica was the dominant species. It constitutes 39.9% of the total tree found in the study site I. This species has also higher DBH class in the study site II. Altitude and aspects are the two parameters that affect the carbon stocks in soil and litter. The carbon stock in Litter and Soil were higher in the higher altitude with (1.18 t/ha) and (105.32/ha) respectively. The higher carbon stock was recorded in North West aspect for both litter and soil while the lowest was recorded in North East aspect for soil and East aspect for litter carbon. This study conducted that public Parks play a role in offsetting carbon dioxide for beyond its aesthetic value and it is very important in enhancing carbon sequestration potentials. Key words: Climate change, Public Parks, Carbon Stock, Green House GasesItem Carbon Stock of Banja Forest in Banja District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: An Implication for Climate Change Mitigation(Addis Ababa University, 2016-11) Abere, Fentahun; Soromessa, Teshome(PhD)Forests play enormous role in combating climate change, the most pressing global issue currently, by sequestering and storing carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. This study was conducted to estimate of carbon stock in dry Afromontane forest type of Banja Forest with elevation that ranges between 1870 and 2570 m a. s. l. in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The study was aimed to explore the potential of climate change mitigation from carbon stock of Banja Forest. A systematic sampling method was used to identify each sampling point through Global Positioning System (GPS). Loss on ignition and Walkley Black method were used to estimate biomass and soil carbon stock, respectively. Results revealed that the total carbon stock of the forest was 639.87 t/ha whereas trees store 406.47t/ha, litter, herbs and grasses (LHGs) 2.58 t/ha and soil 230.82 t/ha (up to 30cm depth). The carbon pools’ carbon stock variation with altitude, slope and aspect gradients were not significant at (p>0.05). The forest in the study area is a reservoir of high carbon, as it has a good capacity to sink carbon from the atmosphere. To enhance the carbon stock of Banja Forest, it should be integrated with Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), carbon trading system of the Kyoto Protocol. Keywords: Banja Forest; Carbon sequestration; Climate change; carbon stock; MitigationItem Floristic Composition and Structural Analysis of Gedo Dry Evergreen Montane Forest, West Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State , Central Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Kebede, Birhanu; Kelbessa, Ensermu (Professor)); Soromessa, Teshome(PhD)This study was conducted on Gedo Dry Evergreen Montane Forest in West Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, 182-196 km west of Addis Ababa (Finfinne). The objective of the study was to determine floristic composition and structural analysis of Gedo Forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data from 72 (20 m x 20 m) and subplots of 1 m x 1 m at the four corners and the center of the large quadrat for herbaceous plants. Vegetation classification was performed using PC-ORD software package. Sorensen’s similarity coefficient was used to detect similarities and dissimilarities among communities. Shannon - Wiener diversity index was applied to quantify species diversity and richness. All trees and shrubs with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) 2 cm were measured for height and diameter. A total of two hundred thirty five specimens of plants (herbs, shrubs, lianas and trees) were recorded. One hundred and fourty of the species collected from sample plots were used for floristic and structural analysis. The rest, 95, were collected out of sample plots but from the forest and used to describe the complete floristic list. Asteraceae is the most dominant family with 36 species in 24 genera followed by Fabaceae with 16 species in 14 genera and Lamiaceae with 16 species and 13 genera. Out of the plants identified in this study, 25 were endemic species which have been included in the preliminary list assessed for IUCN Red Data List, of which 1 species is Critically Endangered, 18 species in Least Concern, 4 species Nearly Threatened, and 2 species vulnerable. The density of tree species in Gedo Forest decreases with increasing height and DBH classes. The forest is characterized by high density of trees in the lower class than in the higher. Three layers (lower, middle and upper) of tree were identified from the study of vertical stratification of Gedo Forest following the International Union for Forestry Research Organization (IUFRO) classification scheme. The regeneration status of selected woody species was assessed as well as the forest was compared with five dry evergreen forests of Ethiopia. Based on the result of the study, research on the soil seed bank, population dynamics, biology and ecology of endemic species and Ethnobotanical studies to explore the indigenous knowledge on the diverse uses of plants and its conservation, and Participatory management of the forest were recommended. Key words/Phrases: Dry evergreen montane forest, Endemic species, Gedo Forest, IUCN Red Data List, Phytogeographical comparison, vegetation structure