Browsing by Author "Sime, Tariku"

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    Circulating Breast cancer-associated microRNA expression in serum as Biomarker for Breast cancer detection
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-01) Sime, Tariku; Dr. Seifu, Daniel (PhD, Assoc. Prof.)
    Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a type of cancer that develops/grows in breast tissues. It is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in industrialized countries. Although it is curable if diagnosed and treated appropriately at an early stage of the disease, diagnosis remains a challenge to the clinicians. The value of current histological prognostic indicators in predicting the course of the disease is weak and reliable markers are still lacking. Therefore, these gaps have led to significant interest in the quest for minimally invasive markers that are sensitive enough to detect early the presence of tumours in patients but not in healthy tumour-free individuals. Objective: was to investigate the capability of circulating microRNAs in serum to discriminate breast cancer patients from healthy controls. Methods: The study was conducted from June 2017 to August 2018 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized University Hospital.A case control study design was conducted involving 50 participants (25 cases, 25 controls). Five milliliter of blood samples were collected and serum was separated from each patient and healthy controls. miRNAs were extracted from serum samples and their relative expression levels were determined by quantitative real time PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25.0, Chicago, IL, USA) and Graph pad Prism version 7. After CT values were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010, independent t test and one way ANOVA was done to assess significance of the difference between patients and controls. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Values were considered statistically significant when Pvalue was less than 0.05. Results: We reported that breast cancer specific circulating miRNAs level showed significant difference in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-195 were significantly higher (P=0.003, P=0.042 respectively) in serum of breast cancer patients than healthy controls. While there was no significant difference in expression of miR-145 and miR-130b.Furthermore we showed that miR-21 and miR-195 expression level were higher in surgical operated breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Circulating miR-21 and miR-195 are potential breast cancer biomarkers for breast cancer.
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    A Study on the Effectiveness of Female Affirmative Action Program at Jimma University-Education Faculty,
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Sime, Tariku; eagavallih, K. (PhD)
    Education is perhaps the single essential measure to ensure sustainable economic development, democratic participation and peace building. Higher education specifically has a great potential in the country's over all development since it is the level at which candidates gain society based knowledge and develop skills and attitudes to shape the coming generation. However, gender inequality has been among the major overwhelmingly prevailing problems at tertiary education. In cognizant of this prevalent gender gap, the Ethiopian government education policy (1994) affirmed the commitment of the government to establish an education s y s tem that facilitates and encourages the equal participation of both boys and girls. Thus, to this end, the Ministry of Education put the affirmative action policy, which allows girls to be admitted in higher education institutions with a lower GPA by 0 .2 than their male counter parts. Besides, higher education institutions are mandated to design affirmative action strategies with in the framework of the policy to ameliorate campus based impediments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of the program at Jimma University- Education faculty .. Accordingly, descriptive survey method was used. To collect reliable data, questionnaire, interview and document p.nalysis were employed as instruments., Various sets of questions were prepared for 190 female students and 70 ins tructors. Two experts from gender office were also participated in the research by providing information through interview. The result revealed that though an improvement has been under way the program was not effective as intended. Primarily, female students didn't get sufficient orientation regarding the importance of the program. In addition, the numbers of female students and f emale instructors who have been supposed to be role models were few. Moreo ver, the attitude of female students towards the program and themselves negatively affected the success of the program. Other academic and non-academic problems such as poor academic p erformance at lower levels, economic cons traints and socia cultural factors exacerbate the situation at the faculty and became beyond the capacity of the program. As a result, female students' participation at the faculty remained below the males. Finally, the study suggested that to promote gender equity in education, a concerted effort should be made by all stakeholders at the faculty in collaboration with other support providers .