Browsing by Author "Shumiye, Alem"

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    A Comparative Study of Trade Performance between Intergovernmental Authority on Development and Other African Union Recognized Economic Communities
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Shumiye, Alem; Andualem, Getie (PhD)
    IGADD was established in 1986 and transformed into IGAD in 1996 with expanded mandate to include economic cooperation and integration agenda and to achieve plans set in Abuja Treaty (1991). Considering the eight regional economic communities that are officially recognized by the African Union, the objective of this study was to compare trade performance between IGAD and other African Union recognized economic communities. The study relied on secondary sources of data and employed judgmental sampling techniques. Analyses were made both at regional and country levels. Findings from descriptive analysis of aggregate and disaggregate level panel data covering 1996-2012 indicated that intra-bloc and extra-bloc trade performance of IGAD region was low compared to other African Union recognized economic communities. In addition, there existed no significant sectoral variation of exports between IGAD and other African Union recognized economic blocs. The casual analysis done using gravity model revealed that IGAD did not contribute to the creation of trade in the sense of Viner (1950). IGAD failed to meet its trade related objectives set both in the Agreement Establishing IGAD (1996) and the plans set in Abuja Treaty (1991). Internal reliability of gravity model variables was within acceptable limit. Overlapping membership, under developed trade logistics, fear of customs revenue loss, lack of political commitment and leadership, lack of trust among the member states were the major factors constraining integration process. The study suggests that real political will and leadership, being strategically selective and sequencing, improving trade logistics, strengthening implementation capacity of IGAD secretariat, encouraging and promoting the involvement of private sectors, and people-to-peoples interaction will help realize economic integration plans. Key words: IGAD, economic integration, RECs, trade creation, Gravity model, Abuja Treaty
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    Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Households in Tehuludere Woreda, South Wello Zone of the Amhara Region
    (Addis Abeba university, 2007-08) Shumiye, Alem; Gotu, Butte(PhD)
    The main objective of the study was to identify some of the factors that influence household food insecurity in Tehuludere Woreda, South Wello Zone. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select the final sampling units. The study period was from November 2005 to November 2006. A household food balance food model was adopted and the recommended daily calorie requirement was used to determine the household food security status. Household food insecurity causation was then examined using logistic regression model. The descriptive analysis of the study revealed that only 30.8% of the sample households were food secured. The food insecure households (69.2%) felt short of the recommended calorie requirement by 37% while food secure households exceeded the recommended calorie requirement by 44%. Using the forward step wise (likelihood ratio) method, seven out of ten predictor variables were selected as major determinants of household food insecurity. These predictor variables had significant joint and separate influence in explaining the variation in the outcome variable. Model diagnostic tests of the multivariate logistic regression model show the adequacy of the fitted model. The study revealed that non-participation in off-farm activities, having large family size (larger than the sample mean), low annual production or yield (less than the sample mean annual yield), small farm size (smaller than the sample mean farm size), dependency attitude on food aid, poor wealth status (less than the sample mean Tropical Livestock Unit) and insecure land tenure perception as positive and significant factors that contributed to high food insecurity. Analysis of the marginal effects of significant discrete predictor variables showed that, holding other variables constant, a shift to participation in off-farm activities decreases the probability of household food insecurity by 66%. Holding other variables constant, a shift to smaller family size (smaller than the sample mean family size) decreases the probability of food insecurity by 63%. A shift to high yield (larger than the sample mean) and large farm size (larger than the mean farm land size) decreases the probability of 7 household food insecurity by 39% and 42%, respectively. Holding other variables constant, a shift from dependency attitude to self-reliance decreases the probability of food insecurity by 25%. A shift to good wealth status (larger than the sample mean TLU) and an improvement in land tenure security decreases the probability of household food insecurity by 38% and 31%, respectively. A simulation study conducted using food insecure households as a reference group indicated that improvement in seven predictor variables have the potential to increase the number of food secured households in Tehuludere Woreda. The Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.628 indicated that the data has a good internal consistency reliability
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    The Effect of Project Manager’s Leadership Style and Teamwork on Project Performance: the case of HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Shumiye, Alem; Mohammed, Abdurezak(PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between leadership style and teamwork and their effect on performance of projects in HELVETAS. The theoretical foundation of this study was guided by visionary leadership theory which involved transformational and transactional leadership styles. In this study, a mixed of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches was employed with mixed research design of descriptive and explanatory research. Using web-based Multi-Factorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), complete and usable primary data were collected from 233 project managers and project team members. A test on adequacy of the sample, reliability and validity of the measurement model were found to be acceptable. Model diagnostic tests show assumptions of normality, autocorrelation, multicollinearity and homoscedasticity hold true. Step-wise multiple regression analysis shows that leadership style had a statistically significant positive effect on project performance; transformational leadership style was positively related to teamwork while transactional leadership style is negative related to project performance. Team communication aspect of teamwork was positively related to project performance while team collaboration and team cohesion were negatively related to project performance. In addition, the study found that teamwork was a partial mediator of the relationship between leadership style and project performance. This study recommends that, as project leader alone cannot successfully complete a project, project managers should select and adopt appropriate transformational and transactional leadership styles taking into account the critical role of teamwork. Based on the findings, senior management team in HELVETAS should act on leadership and team development programs (such as action learning) as well as staff retention strategies along the project life cycle. The study contributes to project management literature by integrating leadership theory and teamwork model.