Browsing by Author "Shikur, Bilal (MD, MPH)"

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    Aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting among young children in Butajira district, South-Cental Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-10) Ayele, Mary; Shikur, Bilal (MD, MPH)
    Background: Aflatoxins are one family of mycotoxins, which are a naturally occurring toxic by-product. Aflatoxin M1 is the major metabolite product of aflatoxin B1, which is excreted in urine of mammals and gives a reliable indication of recent (24-72 hours) exposure to aflatoxin. Recent evidences suggest several mechanisms through which aflatoxin can impair growth & development. Despite the high prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia, there is no well-established evidence showing individual aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting in young children Objective: The study assessed aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting among young children aged 12 to 59 month in Butajira district. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Butajira. We used stratified simple random sampling technique to select the study participants. The study included, 332 children aged 12-59 month. The data were collected in the form of questionnaire, height/length measurement and urine samples collection. Aflatoxin M1 analysis was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory. The data analysis was carried out using STATA and WHO Antro plus. Multiple logistic regression was used to see the association between stunting and aflatoxin exposure level by adjusting for possible confounders. Results: The mean age of children participated in the study was 39+10.9 month. About 62% of the children were exposed to aflatoxin M1 in their urine, at a level ranging from 0.15ng/ml to 0.4ng/ml. Sixty point nine percent (60.9%) of the study participants were stunted. Children with detectable aflatoxin M1 in their urine at a level of 0.4ng/ml were 1.9 times (95% CI: 0.79, 4.46) more likely to develop stunting than those who were not exposed, even though this association was not significant at p-value <0.05 and 95% CI. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study showed a high prevalence of aflatoxin exposure in the study area. This indicates that strategies and regulations focusing mainly on crop management system and food safety measures need to be revised in order to take in to account the measures for control of aflatoxin exposure.
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    The relationship between screen time and overweight/obesity among adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2018
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Asnake, Wubetsh; Shikur, Bilal (MD, MPH)
    Background: Currently the prevalence of obesity and overweight increase worldwide and adolescent are one of the vulnerable group to be affected. Reduced physical activity and sedentary behavior including screen time have given attention as a potential risk for high prevalence of overweight/obesity. But in spite of this fact there is little information on the association between screen time and increase overweight/obesity in our setting Objective: The study aimed at determining prevalence of time spent on screen above the recommendation and its relationship with overweight/obesity among secondary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2018. Method: School based cross sectional study was conducted among adolescent in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Sample size was calculated using single population proportion formula and final sample size become 550. Data were collected by using interviewer administered questionnaires. Finally, Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses was performed by using SPSS software version 20 and P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant association. Result The study found that the mean screen time in the study population was 4.1±2.2 hr. per a day. In which 290 (53.7%) of adolescents spent more than 2hr. on screen. And the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 12.3% and 1.85% respectively. Female sex AOR 1.90 (1.05-3.43), high socio-economic status AOR 2.86 (1.06-7.73), high screen time AOR 3.01 (1.53-5.90), eating habit while watching TV AOR 4.05 (1.83-9.03), physical activity AOR 0.27 (0.13-0.59) were found to have significant association with overweight/obesity. Conclusion and recommendation This study demonstrated a 53.7% prevalence of screen time above recommended amount and also a positive association between longer periods of screen time and overweight/obesity among adolescents in Addis Ababa. Therefore Parents and adolescents should be aware about this association and should be encourage to participate their children in other means of recreational activity.