Browsing by Author "Shiferaw, Solomon"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of factors Affecting Utilization of Institutional Delivery Among Women of Childbearing age in Harari Region, East Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2010-06) Beker, Abdi; Shiferaw, Solomon
    Introduction: Institutional delivery, a childbirth conducted by skill attendant in health facility built, equipped and managed to provide safe delivery service as one of its function, is responsible to provide greater assurance to find skilled attendant, essential equipment and drugs to manage labour and referral transportation as the need arises. Objective: This study assessed factors that affect utilization of institutional delivery among child bearing age women in Harari Region. Methodology: Community based unmatched case control study complemented with qualitative design was employed to assess factors that affect utilization of institutional delivery. Totally, 462 mothers 154 cases and 308 controls who had delivery within the last 24 months were enrolled and interviewed with pre tested questionnaire using Face-to-face interview & in-depth interview of key informants as data collection methods. EPI INFO Version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 15 statistical software were used to enter and analyze the data, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate analysis of logistic regression as well as X2 test were used to determine factors that affect institutional delivery utilization. P-Value less than 5%, OR with 95% CI were used to show statistically significant association. Results: This study singled out a number of factors that affect institutional delivery utilization, mothers with secondary and more educations were 5.8 times more likely to use facility delivery compared with those had no formal education. Similarly mothers from house holds with 500ETB and more monthly income were 2.4 times more likely to use facility delivery. Obstetric factors such as ANC use, previous delivery complications, previous facility delivery utilization, Knowledge of risk associated with home delivery and benefit of institutional delivery were found to be independent predictors of institutional delivery utilization. Conclusion and Recommendations: factors that affect facility delivery utilization found to be different and interrelated at individual, family and community level. Based on these facts Promotion of women/girl education, promotion of income generating activities, health information, communication based on obstetric risk and benefit of safe delivery, organizing and promoting mother and community support group to improve awareness on planned and safe delivery are recommended.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of nutritional status of adolescents living with HIV receiving care at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2012) Abdulkarim, Birra; Shiferaw, Solomon
    Malnutrition is a major threat to the health of HIV infected individuals and is associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Objective; the objective of the study was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV enrolled at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based across-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2016.Data were collected on 340 adolescents aged 10-19 years attending government public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-Age (BAZ) and Height-for-age (HAZ) as measures of thinness and stunting respectively. Standard deviation (SD) scores (Z scores) were applied to determine the nutritional status. Adolescents whose BAZ and HAZ was less than -3SD were considered severely malnourished; those adolescent with BAZ and HAZ between -2SD and -3SD were considered malnourished while those with BAZ and HAZ >= - 2SD were wellnourished. Statistical analysis was done using WHO anthro plus and STATA 12. Statistical software package. Result: The prevalence of stunting was 37.4% [0.3218-0.425, 95% CI, with 8.2% [0.052- 0.11, 95% CI] of adolescents being severely stunted. The risk factors for stunting included skipping of meal [(AOR: 1.74.; 95% CI:1.07- 2.83) and primary care (AOR: 1.23.; 95% CI, 1.03.-1.47). The prevalence of thinness was 15.6 % [0.117- 0.194, 95%CI] with 2.9% [0.0113 - 0 .047, 95% CI] severely thin. The risk factors for thinness include treatment interruption [AOR 2.78, 95% CI, 1.20- 6.43] nutrition counseling[AOR 2.05 ,95 %CI,1.13- 3.72 ] and moderately household food insecurity (AORAOR1.67,95CI % 1.21- 3.21) amongadolescentsliving with the HIV enrolled at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Conclusion:The prevalence of stunting and thinness was high among the HIV infected adolescents. Skipping meal, getting primary care from relatives, nutritional counseling, and moderately household food insecurity were significantly associated with malnutrition (stunting and thinness). Recommendation; Greater recognition of the substantial burden of malnutrition among adolescents living with HIV is needed, and there is a need for more services aimed at nutrition counseling, retention in care , nutrition interventions beyond clinical settings and economic empowerments of adolescents living with HIV. Key words; HIV, thinness, stunting, adolescents
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Psychosocial Health and Risky Sexual Behaviors of Students in Higher Learning Institutions: a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Between Old and Newly Established Universities
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2009-06) Tsegaye, Ademe; Shiferaw, Solomon
    Students in higher institutions are exposed to many psychosocial problems and risky sexual behaviors as they are away from their parents and possibly due to suboptimal counseling services. The problems may be more apparent in newly established universities. Despite this concern, there is no information regarding the psychosocial health status and risky sexual behaviors of students in higher learning institutions in Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess and compare the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and psychosocial ill health among students of newly established and old universities. The study employed a comparative cross-sectional survey supplemented with qualitative methods. Cluster sampling technique was used to select the departments after dividing the total sample size proportionally to first year and second year students. A total of 1033 students were included in this study: 518 from DBU and 515 from AAU. Quantitative data were processed in SPSS v.13.00 statistical software. Ethical clearance was obtained from ethical review committee of the school of public health and institutional review board at Medical Faculty of Addis Ababa University. Taped qualitative data were transcribed, translated into English, and manually analyzed by grouping into predetermined thematic areas. The response rate was 97.4%. The results indicate that significantly more students of DBU than AAU [(24.7%) versus 69(13.4%)] were likely to have had sexual intercourse [P<0.001]. More students of AAU than DBU used condom in their last sexual intercourse [40(60.6%) versus 21(22.8 %); AOR (95%CI) = 7.08 (3.00, 16.71)]. Students at DBU were significantly more likely to have multiple se xual partners than AAU students [75(78.2%) versus 42(62.7%): COR (95%CI)= 2.13(1.06,4.24)]. More students of DBU than AAU [64.9% versus 50.9 % ; AOR(95%CI)=0.60(0.45,0.8 0)]were found to have sad feelings. More students of DBU than AAU [69 (13.4%) versus 47(9.14%); O R (95%CI) =1.50 (1.03,2.27)] seriously considered suicide. In addition, more students who had psychos ocial ill health had multiple sexual partner [ 82(70.1%) versus 35(29.9%); COR(95%CI) = 1.82(1.20,2.75)]. Overall the findings indicate that substantial segment of the student population in both viii universities have risky sexual behavior and psychosocial problems. This calls for strengthened effort to expand the existing and initiate additional preventive measures. In both universities, proper orientation is crucially important especially when students first join the university. Preventive activities for HIV/AIDS like condom distribution, providing health information about HIV are urgently needed at DBU. In addition, mechanisms for economic support (for example loan service) should be arranged to the needy students in both universities.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Prevalence of Visual Deficiency and Color Blindness Among High School Students the Case of Menelik II Preparatory School Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-12-30) Shiferaw, Solomon; Wube, Tilaye (PhD)
    Acuity of vision is the ability of the eye to determine the precise shape and details of an object. Normal vision refers to a state in which parallel light rays entering the eye form images on the retina when the eye is in a completely unregulated state. Refractive errors affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, irrespective of age, sex and ethnic group. They can easily be diagnosed, measured and corrected with spectacles or other refractive corrections to attain normal vision. The eye is very important to perceive colors using photo receptors found in the retina. Color deficiency describes the inability or decreased ability to identify colors or perceive color differences under normal lighting conditions. The cause of color vision deficiency can be acquired or inherited. Certain diseases, drugs and chemicals may cause color blindness. It can also be caused by accidents or trauma which produces swelling of the brain in the occipital lobe. Most of the inherited color vision deficiencies are due to the inheritance of mutated gene on the X-chromosome. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of visual deficiency and color blindness among high school students. Regular students of 824 Menelik II Preparatory School participated in the study. Visual acuity was tested by using Snellen chart and that of color vision test by using Ishihara 24 plates. The result shows that 92 percent of the students had a normal visual acuity. On the other hand, a small percentage i.e. nearly eight percent had mild visual deficiency where they were unable to discriminate all the letters in Snellens chart. More males showed the mild visual deficiency compared to females (39 vs 28), However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.179). Regarding color vision, 32(3.88%) males and 29(3.51%) females were found to be color deficient. The difference between male and female students with color deficiency was not statistically significant (p=0.701). Of the total subjects found to have color deficiency, 24(2.91%) males and 18(2.18%) females were deutans; whereas, 8(0.97%) and 11(1.33%) males and females were protons respectively. These data imply that 42(5.09%) of the subjects were deutans and 19(2.30%) were protans. Out of the 61 students who showed color vision deficiency 69% had the Deutran type while 31% had the Protan type. None of the students were Protanopan. Deutranopia was more common among males while the reverse was true for protan. The overall difference between deutans and protons was statistically significant (p=0.003).Therefore, the result of the present study showed that visual deficiency should be given importance.