Browsing by Author "Shibre, Gebretsadik"

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    Assessment of the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pneumonia in Children 2to 59 Months Old, Debreberhan District,North East Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2015-06) Shibre, Gebretsadik; Betre, Mulugeta (hP)D
    Background: Childhood Pneumonia is the commonest cause of suffering worldwide among under- five children where it accounts more than one out of seven under- five deaths globally. It is the single leading cause of death in Ethiopia, accounting 18% of all under five mortality burden. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia in 2 -59 months old children in Debre-Brehan district. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Debre-Brehan district from February 15 to February 25, 2015, 2015. Stratified, multi-stage sampling technique was used to proportionally draw households from each of the selected 6 kebeles- two from rural and four from urban strata, based on the number of kebeles in the strata - by taking in to account the number of households in each of these selected kebeles. Pre-tested Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from randomly selected 458 households. Three diploma nurses and a public health officer were participating in the survey as data collectors and supervisor, respectively. The data was entered in to EPIDATA version 3.1 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Result: The prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children was estimated to be 5.5%. Past history of measles ( AOR = 2.676;95%CI 1.049,6.830; p-value= 0.039) and diarrhea (AOR =5.293; 95%CI 2.107,13.298; p-value= 0.000), use of improved latrine (AOR= 0.157; 95% CI 0.057,0.431; p-value =0.000)) and breastfeeding for 2 or more years (AOR=0.152; 95%CI 0.042, 0.553; p-value= 0.004) were found to be significant predictors of pneumonia among 2 to 59 months old children in this study. Conclusion and recommendation : The present study identified a relatively low prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children. It also pointed out such modifiable risk factors of pneumonia in this age group as past history of diarrhea & measles, use of not improved latrine and breast feeding the child for less than 2 years. The Worerda Health Office, in collaboration with the health institutions in the district, should design and communicate strategies to the community to help them acquire knowledge on the importance of breast feeding ( for 2 or more years) and vaccinating ( for Rota and Measles vaccine) their child to prevent Pneumonia among them. Key wards: 2 -59 months old children, Pneumonia, cross sectional, Under five
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    Association of Antenatal Depression with Anemia and Adherence to Iron-Folic AcidSupplement among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Services at Health Centers in Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Mesfin, Miraf; Dr.Deyessa, Negussie; Shibre, Gebretsadik
    Background: Depression affects a large proportion of the global population. It is reported to affect about a quarter of pregnant women in Ethiopia. Some studies indicate that anemia might bea risk factor for depression. This underscores the need for an iron-folic acid supplement (IFAS). IFAS adherence by pregnant women is however not satisfactory. Studies again implicate that depression might affect adherence to IFAS. Nevertheless, thispotential vicious cycleis not a well-explored area of research. The objective of this study is therefore to assess the association of antenatal depression with anemia and adherence to IFAS among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at selected health centers. Methods: a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended ANC service in Yeka sub-city, Addis Ababa. A total of 406 pregnant women were recruited in the study. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), a validated tool in Ethiopia, was used to assess antenatal depression. IFAS adherence was assessed using pill count method. Bivariableand subsequent multivariable logistic regression were employed for data analysis. Results: it was found that anemic pregnant mothers had an increased odds of having antenatal depression [AOR=2.63; 95% CI (1.13, 6.14)] compared to non-anemic mothers. Having financial hardship, whether current pregnancy is planned and emotional abuse from an intimate partner also significantly associated with antenatal depression. Antenatal depression at cut-off (PHQ- 9≥5) failed to show statistically significant association with IFAS adherence. Major depression (PHQ-9≥10) was however found to be significantly associated with adherence to IFAS [AOR=1.97; 95% CI (1.09, 3.56)] in pregnant women. Besides, factors significantly associated with IFAS adherence were parity, knowledge of the use of IFAS and current pregnancy complication. Conclusion: the study revealed a significant association that exists between two important public health problems, anemia and antenatal depression; and the association between antenatal depression and IFAS adherence. Further investigation of these associations is a warranted area of future studies. In the meantime, putting these underlying determinants into consideration is beneficial as they might complicate diagnosis and have a negative impact on treatment outcomes. 2 1.
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    Trend and inequalities in neonatal mortality and its covariates; Analysis of the Ethiopia demographic and health surveys between 2000 and 2016.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-10) Hailemichael, Yodit; Dr.Mekonnen, Wubegzier(Associate professor); Shibre, Gebretsadik
    Background: Neonatal mortality in low-and middle-income countries has shown slow decline and marked disparities across regions and countries. In Ethiopia, despite making overall progress in child survival, deaths among newborn babies still remain high at 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. Evidence on trend and inequalities in neonatal mortality in Ethiopia is scarce and yet, such evidence is important to contribute to the effort towards reducing neonatal mortality. Objectives: This study aims to assess the trend and inequalities in neonatal mortality by the five equity stratifiers, namely region, place of residence, wealth status, maternal education and composite coverage index (CCI) using the four Ethiopia Demographic and Heath Survey (EDHS) rounds. Methods: Using the four nationally representative survey conducted in 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016, direct estimate of neonatal mortality rate were computed from birth history information provided by mothers. The trend in neonatal mortality were measured using annual rate of reduction and 95% CI to indicate the period when significant difference was observed. Once the data from the four rounds pooled together, we used both absolute and relative inequality measures to measure inequality in neonatal mortality. Concentration index was computed for the socioeconomic inequality and for area-based inequality, difference and ratio were calculated. We further did decomposition analysis for the wealth-based inequality to understand individual percentage influence to the observed inequality in neonatal death of the commonly known factors of neonatal death. A p-value of < 0.05 and 95% CI was reported as a measure of magnitude of significance. Result: Overall trend in neonatal mortality rate was slowly declining with the annual rate of reduction of 1.98 percent per annum between 2000 and 2016, and also great variation in average decline by selected equity stratifiers. Well served regions in reproductive maternal and child health service had comparatively lower mortality rate than underserved regions. In all the survey years there is wealth and education-based inequality in neonatal mortality, however the levels were not significant except for the 2011. An estimate of concentration index indicates (-.002, .009, -.012, .012) for wealth and (-.011, -.001, -.009, -.003) for education with p-value of (0.68, 0.07, 0.02, 0.05) and (0.00, 0.67, 0.00, 0.53) respectively. The absolute and relative inequalities in terms of regions showed greatest inequalities between regions with the highest mortality(Amhara) and regions with lowest mortality(Addis Ababa) with a difference = 0.0141, 95% CI (0.0059, 0.0222) and Ratio = 1.55 with 95% CI (1.1584, 2.0767) were as for place of residence (rural Vs urban) it showed non-significant, Difference = -0.0089 (-0.0222, 0.0045) and Ratio = 0.8054 (0.5972, 1.0863) respectively. The major contributors for observed wealth-based inequalities were different levels of wealth status, underserved regions and rural residence. Conclusion: Trend in neonatal mortality have showed slow decline and it was not uniform among the selected equity stratifiers, progress in annual rate of reduction was also sluggish. Across the survey years, though mortality is concentrated among socioeconomically disadvantaged, the levels of wealth and education-based inequalities were significant only for the 2011 survey. Furthermore, estimates of absolute and relative inequalities for regions shows significant inequalities. It is recommended to maintain improvement in Reproductive, Maternal & Newborn Child Health (RMNCH) services and scaling up of interventions that directly act on leading determinants of neonatal mortality by focusing on the general population in addition to targeting the disadvantaged society, rural residents and underserved regions.