Browsing by Author "Seme, Assefa"

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    An Assessment of Premarital Sexual Practice and Factors Contributing to Premarital Sex among High School Adolescents in Nekemte Town, E/Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2006-05) Wirtu, Dessalegn; Seme, Assefa
    Back ground. In the era of HIV/AIDS pandemic, understanding the nature of adolescents’ sexual behaviors is critical in developing an effective preventive strategy. Objectives The purpose of this study were to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice, factors contributing to premarital sex and condom utilization among high school adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study (both quantitative and qualitative) was conducted on 722 adolescents using a pre tested questionnaires from January to April 2006, among 2 high schools. in Nekemte town, east Wollega zone, west oromia regional state. Result. Of 676, study population 21.4% (70.3% of males and 29, 7% of females).reported having practiced premarital sexual intercourse. The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 16.2+1.5 years and 15.18+1.7 years for males and females, respectively. From those sexually active adolescents 5.8% of males and 13.3% of females reported to having had sexual intercourse before the age of 14 years (10-14). However, 57.2% (69.5% of males and 56.6% of females) had their first sexual intercourse between the age of 15 and 17 years. The reasons cited for the initiation of the first sexual intercourse were fall in love (34.9%), had desire (29.5%), rape (2.7%), peer pressure (16.8%), to get money/gifts (7.4%) and were drunk (3.4%). In the past 12 months, 74.2% of the adolescents reported to ever use condom. But only about half (52.8 %) used condom consistently, while only one-third (33.3%) reported to having used condom the first time they had sexual intercourse. Moreover, in the past 12 months, 91(79.8%) reported one, 14(12.3%) two and 9(7.9%) three and more sexual partners. Conclusions and recommendations From this study, one can conclude that there is a high prevalence of premarital sexual practices among the adolescents. Moreover, adolescents are practicing risky sexual behaviors such as unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and sex at early age. Therefore, an integrated effort needs to be vii initiated to address such adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health problems through establishing and strengthening school anti AIDS clubs, providing inservice training for teachers on adolescent reproductive health and establishing youth centers.
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    The association Between Substance Abuse and HIV infection among People Visiting HIV Testing and Counseling centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2002-06) Seme, Assefa; Haile, Damen(PhD)
    The magnitude of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia is ever increasing. It is also believed that the use of substances is increasing in some major towns including Addis Ababa. However, data regarding the relation of substance abuse and HIV infection is lacking. A case-control study was carried out in Addis Ababa from December 2001 to February 2002 to explore the association between substance abuse and HIV infection and to determine the prevalence and the factors related to substance abuse among people visiting HIV testing and counseling centers. Among all visitors for HIV testing and counseling, 227 cases and 726 controls were identified. Cases and controls were compared by socio demographic, socio economic, exposure to substances and risky behaviors that predispose them to HIV infection. The prevalence of “hard’ drug use was found to be 1.2% with the rate being 3.2% in the cases and 0.54% in the controls. Alcohol drinking was found to be associated with serum HIV positivity after controlling for other confounding variables. While young age of 15 to 24 and being single were found to be associated with serum HIV positivity, having monthly family income was found to be protective against HIV infection. Being male and having sex with commercial sex workers were related to both alcohol drinking and khat chewing. From the study, we concluded high prevalence of alcohol and khat abuse among people visiting HIV counseling and testing centers. Alcohol was found to be a significant risk factor for HIV infection among people visiting HIV testing and counseling centers. The need of health education to bring behavioral changes and further study to identify the prevalence and role of substance in exposure to HIV infection in the community is recommended.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Emergency contraception among preparatory, and high school female students in Debrezeit town Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2010-06) Tilahun, Ephrem; Seme, Assefa
    Introduction: - Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is one of the highest in the world. Surveys conducted on issue related to abortion and unwanted pregnancy suggests that the magnitude of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion are among the main cause of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. Emergency contraceptive can serve as back up method to reduce the occurrence of un wanted pregnancy and its out come following un protected sex. Objectives: -To assess level of awareness, attitude and utilization of emergency contraceptives and factor influencing knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive among preparatory & high school female students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during April 2009. There were a total of 3792 female students in one preparatory & two high schools of Debrezeit town. Three hundred eighty four of them were sampled for the study with response rate of 91.1% . Self administered questionnaire was used to collect data Result: The magnitude of unwanted pregnancy for those who practiced sex was 33.3%. Among all respondents 213(60.9%) had knowledge about emergency contraception; Correct timing of emergency contraception was reported by 149 (70%) and only 25 (7.1%) of them had ever used emergency contraception. Oral contraceptive pill was the most widely used 24(96%). About one third 111 (31.7%) had this information from School education. Two hundred (77.1%) of the respondents had good attitude towards the use of emergency contraception. Knowledge of emergency contraceptive was significantly higher of those in higher class OR =3.4(95% CI 1.58 -7.51). Conclusion: even though there is a favorable number of knowledge on ECs by respondents, utilization of emergency is un satisfactory. Hence Youth friendly service should be strengthened as they are considered a major contributor on practicing modern contraception including EC, also by considering the importance of prevention of STD and HIV/AIDS.
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    Sexual Initiation and Contraceptive Use among Female Youths in Ambo Town
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2013-07) Tsegaye, Digafe; Seme, Assefa
    Background: Early sexual debut may be linked to reproductive health problems later in life. In addition, both the timing of first sex and contraceptive use are affected by a variety of factors and this makes the consequences of youth sexuality much more serious. It is important to understand what influences youths‟ sexual initiation, the need to use contraceptive methods and the consequences of these behaviours. These may affect the design and implementation of effective early pregnancy and disease prevention strategies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive use and related factors among female youths in Ambo town. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in Ambo town of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State between January and February, 2013. Two kebeles out of three were randomly selected. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to draw sample size of 675. Then, households were selected by systematic sampling technique. Structured and pretested questionnaire and semi structured FGD guide was employed to collect data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and graphs were used. To determine the association between dependent and independent variables, odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. Logistic regression was also employed to assess possible factors. Result: Overall, nearly half, 48.7% of the surveyed participants have ever had sex. The median age at first sex being 17 years while; the mean ± SD age was 16.7±2.1.Multivariate analysis showed that age group of 20-24[AOR= 7.35, (95%CI 4.80, 11.26)], those who attend, at least secondary education [AOR = 3.09 (95%CI;1.44, 6.66)], those who encouraged by their friends to have boyfriend [AOR = 2.09 (95% CI; (1.42, 3.06), ever drank alcohol [AOR = 5.76 (95 % CI; 3.57, 9.31), and ever watched pornographic materials[AOR =1.78(95%CI; 1.19, 2.66)]were more likely to initiate sex. Knowledge of at least one contraceptive method was 95.4% and overall contraceptive current use was 37.3%. Multivariate analysis shows that age group of 20-24 [AOR= 3.22, (95%CI 2.08, 4.98)] and youths with partners who have discussed about the method [AOR= 2.15 (95%CI, 1.38, 3.34)] were more likely to use contraceptives. Currently unmarried [AOR= 0.17 (95%CI, (0.09, 0.31)] was less likely to use contraception compared to currently married. As the qualitative data suggested, the perceived age at sexual debut among young girls is very early. Conclusion and Recommendation: Substantial amount of female youths had started sexualactivity that might expose them to different reproductive health problems. Thus, early sexual initiation coupled with very low contraceptive use among youth females is a potential risk of the development of sexual and reproductive health problems. Therefore, in view of our finding, an active effort to promote sexuality education and contraceptive use should be intensified among female youths in the town, particularly young women, in making informed decisions about sexual intercourse and contraceptive uses.
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    Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors Among Married Women of Reproductive age in Bishoftu Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2017-06) Bekele, Abebe; Seme, Assefa
    Background: The benefit of contraceptive methods has become an important factor in the life of reproductive age of women. Specially, the utilization of Long Acting and Permanent contraceptive Methods (LAPMs) is most effective methods of contraceptive available and are very safe and suitable; do not need daily initiation on the part of the users, and no need of frequent visit to service providers and hence, saves time and money for individual and the government. Objectives: To assess utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age in Bishoftu town Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2016 among married women of reproductive age in Bishoftu town. Study Kebeles selected by lottery method. Systematic sampling used to select study households while all eligible women in the selected households recruited for the study. The minimum sample size required for the study was 419. A pre-test and structured questionnaire used to collect data from each respondent. The data field edited and entered in to EPI-Info 7 version and cleaned then exported to SPSS version 16 for analyses. Descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages used to describe the study participants. In a bivariate analysis Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals calculated to see the magnitude and significance of the association between independent and the dependent variables, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors of LAPMs utilization in the study area. Result: Utilization of LAPMs was 35.7%, the most common is Implant 101(25.5%), and followed by Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) 37(9.4%) and the least was female sterilization 3(0.8%). The result of multivariate analysis revealed that, the significant association of education of respondent on utilization of LAPMs [AOR 2.76, 95% CI (1.16, 6.55)], attitude of husband on LAPMs [AOR 2.97, 95%CI (1.58, 5.59)], discussion with service providers on use of LAPMs [AOR 5.68, 95%CI (2.06, 15.68)], and married women those who need any more additional children was found to be associated [AOR 2.01, 95%CI (1.19, 3.40)]. Conclusion: Utilization of LAPMs among contraceptive methods users in a town was 35.7% and higher than the LAPMs use rate reported other studies and Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2014, but still lead by short acting methods that was inject-able followed by Implant and the least female sterilization.