Browsing by Author "Selfu, Nigist"
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Item Water and Sanitation Provision and its Effects on Poor Women: The Case of Selected Neighbourhoods in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Selfu, Nigist; Gebre Egziabher, Tegegne (PhD)This study. by taking the case of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. investigates the effects of W ATSAN provision on poor wOmen. The study was instiga ted by the observation that the pressure of inadequate provision fall more on the poor than be tter offs; and among the poor, the problems are intense on women due to biological. economic and soc iocul tural fac tors. In order to thorough ly exam ine water supplv and sanitation issues affecting poor women in the Addis Ababa context, relevant primary and secondary data wcrc generated and perso nal observati ons were made and analyzed. Three poor neighbourhoods (two from the inner-citv slums and one from the in formal settl emen ts) were iclentilied as case study areas and 110 p")Or WOlllL'll were se lected through a multi-stage sampl ing method. Major finclings of th e study indicate that in the city III general and in the studied neighborhoods in particular unavailab ility of WATSi\N at the requi red quantity, place. afford ab ility. accessib ili ty and sa fety has been strongly affect ing the lives of poor women. It shows that these interrelated effects highly innuence the hea lth, income. pri vacy. dignit\·. sec urit y, social status of poor women including the time they ca n use for selfimprovcmcnl. As the effec ts are multiple so are the causes. The res ults of this st ud y show that the roots causes arc related to the socio-cconomic stntus of WOmen including the rigid division of labour. inadequate access to economic resources and poor decision mak ing power. These coupled with fa ilure to implement the nationally declared gende r and poverty po lic ies 'IS wel l as gender mainstrea ming st rategies made women arguably the 1110 St depri ved ill human as well as econo mic term s. The study concludes th at WATSAN, which is one of' the most import an t development chall enges fac ing Addis Ababa. has been alTecting the li ves of the poorest of the poor \\ho li ve in the ill . se rviced sluills and squatter settl ements. So, action to improve WATSAN situation is an important step to enable the poor peoplc in general anei poor women In parti cu lar to escape po ve rty. To escape Cram poverty. among other thi ngs. pom \\omen need \0 be empowCJ'ed. To achieve this goal. economic gro wth and finallcial resou rces arc 01" course necessa ry. but till'}" ,Ire no! ctlougl1. This study suggests Ih~ll hy ;ldoptillg ~lll intcgr<.l!cd <.mel nl\.!lti - ~cc t nr('d approach. by putti ng poor WOl llclt'S nceds at the centcr 01' \Vi\TSi\N se rvice pruvisions and hy CJl~lhlitl g them to ta~ c p~lrt ill the decision Il\;lking and pri() rity sell ing process it is possiblc to Illake a dii'li.;rcncc.Item Water and Sanitation Provision and its Effects on Poor Women: The Case of Selected Neighbourhoods in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Selfu, Nigist; Gebre, Tegegne (PhD)This study, by taking the case of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, investigates the effects of water and sanitation provision on poor women. The study was instigated by the observation that the pressure of inadequate water supply and sanitation provision fall more on the poor than better offs; and among the poor, the problems are intense on women due to biological, economic and socio- cultural factors. In order to thoroughly examine water supply and sanitation issues affecting poor women in the Addis Ababa context, relevant primary and secondary data were generated and personal observations were made and analyzed. Three poor neighbourhoods (two from the inner-city slums and one from the informal settlements) were identified as case study areas and 120 poor women were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Major findings of the study indicate that in the city in general and in the studied neighborhoods in particular unavailability of water and sanitation at the required quantity, place, affordability, accessibility and safety has been strongly affecting the lives of poor women. It shows that these interrelated effects highly influence the health, income, privacy, dignity, security, social status of poor women including the time they can use for self improvement. As the effects are multiple so are the causes. The results of this study show that the roots causes are related to the socio-economic status of women including the rigid gender division of labour, inadequate access to economic resources and poor decision making power. These coupled with failure to implement the nationally declared gender and poverty policies as well as gender mainstreaming strategies made women arguably the most deprived in human as well as economic terms. The study concludes that water and sanitation, which is one of the most important development challenges facing Addis Ababa, has been affecting the lives of the poorest of the poor who live in the ill serviced slums and squatter settlements. So, action to improve water and sanitation situation is an important step to enable the poor people in general and poor women in particular to escape poverty. To escape from poverty, among other things, poor women need to be empowered. To achieve this goal, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. This study suggests that by adopting an integrated and multisectored approach, by putting poor women’s needs at the center of water and sanitation service provisions and by enabling them to take part in the decision making and priority setting process it is possible to make a difference