Browsing by Author "Samuel Assefa"

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    Maximize Operating Room Capacity by Intervening an Avoidable Cancelation at St. Peter Specialized Hospital
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Samuel Assefa; Birhan Tassew
    Background: Elective surgical case cancellation refers to any elective surgical case that is booked into the operation theatre list on the day prior to surgery, but is not operated upon as scheduled. Elective surgical case cancellation is common and can have significant adverse effects. The cancellation of planned surgeries causes prolonged wait times, harm to patients, and is a waste of scarce resources. Reasons for cancellations are complex because they are related to patients, organizational issues, and clinical staff. Objective: To Assess the frequency, to identify reasons for cancellation and to intervening potentially avoidable causes of cancellation and observe the impacts of intervention made in St. peter specialized hospital. Methods: The study took place at St. peter specialized hospital. This is a pre and post intervention study from February1/2010 to May 30/2010 E.C. All adult patients that underwent elective surgery in operation room with in the study period were including. Total number of cancellations as well as cause of cancellation was noted. Implementation: The most feasible intervention was addressing reasons of cancellation due to shortage of OR material (Guan, cape, drape). Result: At Pre intervention period highly cancellation caused by shortage of surgical material (guan, Cape & drape). Plan was purchased each 100 of OR guan, drape & cape. Now all are ready for work. Conclusion: Cancellation of surgeries is significant problem in this hospital Reasons for cancellation identified was four categories. Whereas only one was selected for intervention in these study after taking impact, feasibility, cost effectiveness, time constraints into consideration. The highest present for reasons for cancellation were seen due to shortage of operation room material in pre-intervention period. Recommendation: As shortage of OR material (guan, cape and drape) which scores high in pre intervention, needs further in depth assessment and also other root causes should be addressed to see the desired changes. OR performance evaluation should be included in routine monitoring and hospitals clinical audit system.
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    New Existence Results on Group Divisible Designs and 3-GDDs
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Zebene Girma; Dinesh G. Sarvate; Samuel Assefa
    Combinatorial design theory offers a framework for efficiently and systematically arranging objects with given criterion and studying these arrangement (combinatorial designs) and their applications is various fields. For example, combinatorial designs are used in statistical design theory, computer science, cryptography and coding theory. Two specific combinatorial designs are group divisible designs (GDDs) and t-GDDs. The aim of our study is to find new existence results on GDDs and t-GDDs when t = 3. In particular, we gave some new constructions and necessary conditions for GDDs with two groups and block size four. An extension of the concepts of group divisible designs is called t-GDD. It is obtained by combining the concepts of group divisible designs and t-design. So for example, a 3-GDD(n, 2, k, λ1, λ2) is defined by combining the concepts of GDDs and a 3-design. 3-GDDs with 2 groups and block size 4 have been studied in the literature. We obtain new results on 3-GDDs with three groups and block size five, as well as with four groups and block size five. In this work, certain required necessary conditions for these GDDs to exist are designed, several new constructions are given, and specific instances of non-existence are proved.
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    The Role Communication Strategies in Reducing Road Traffic Accidents: the Case of Addis Ababa Police Commission
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Samuel Assefa; Agaredech Jemaneh (PhD)
    This study was aimed to assessing the role of communication strategies engaging in RTA’s in Addis Ababa Police Commission in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa police Commission works is no dynamic outcome to reduce RTA because of inadequate public awareness on traffic safety and traffic facilities. Then, the study raises basic questions to answer the study objective such as: which types of communication strategies effective to engaging in RTA in Addis Ababa? How Addis Ababa police Commission communication strategies to tracking RTA’s in Addis Ababa cities? And Which types of communication strategies effective to engaging RTA in Addis Ababa? The study employed exploratory method and mixed research approach. Interview and questionnaire used to collect crucial information on road safety communication strategies method. The study selected 5 Addis Ababa sub cities from 11 sub cities by using simple random sampling and selected 6 key informant interviewers by using purposive sampling method. 244 respondents (113 drivers and 131 Pedestrians) were selected by using convenience sampling approach. Public and school campaigns, mass media campaigns, law enforcement and legislation, education and training programs were the main communication strategies of AAPC to engaging road safety. AAPC has been using multi communication channel approach but TV and radio are the most prominent channels. Combined road safety campaign was successful and bring change driver behavioral that respect speed limits, wear a seat belt, and drinking driving and speeding rather than mass media campaign. The study has identified the limitation of communication strategies to engaging RTA’s such as lack of effective stakeholders’ coordination, lack of monitoring and evaluation of road safety communication activities, and lack of check the campaign message delivered to the target audience. In addition, the communication channel and messages did not consider targeted road user behavior. Based on the study findings, the study draws the following recommendations AAPC should be adapted communication strategies and messages for target audience that easily-understood; established enforcement and legislation for pedestrians to respect road safety rule and regulation; preparing evaluation plan each activities of road safety campaign and its outcome.