Browsing by Author "Mustefa Mohammed"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction: A 3- Year Review in a Teaching Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014) Mustefa Mohammed; Moges Tamirat
    Background: Intestinal obstruction is the most common surgical emergency in the newborn period. It is a life threatening condition with high mortality especially in developing countries. Neonates with intestinal obstruction require specialized care and facilities for survival. Objective: We aim to study the etiology, presentation, outcome, and factors associated with mortality in the setting of Tertiary university hospital at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: Records of all cases of NIO managed at TASH, NICU during the period of January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and all the possible factors that may result in mortality were analyzed. Results: Fifty-one neonates with intestinal obstruction were managed, representing 0.0058% of the neonatal admissions during the study period. Forty-one (80.4%) were males, 9(17.6%) were females (M: F=4.55:1), while one newborn had ambiguous genitalia. All patients presented with in the first week of life. Anorectal malformation constituted 56.9% of the causes of NIO, while intestinal atresias including duodenal, jejunal, ileal atresias accounted for 13.7% of cases. Other causes included Hirschprung’s disease, intestinal malrotation, meconium plug, congenital band, paralytic ileus, blind sigmoid colon, and spontaneous gastric perforation. There were 10 deaths, with a mortality rate of 19.6%. Perioperative sepsis was significant determinant of mortality. Conclusion: Early presentation, prevention and prompt management of sepsis is needed to decrease the high mortality seen in this study. There is a need for improved facilities including Intensive Care Units for pre- and postoperative management of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Key words: Intestinal obstruction, neonates, anorectal malformation, intestinal atresia
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Quality Enhancement of a Garment Sewing Process through Six sigma and Failure mode and effect analysis: A case of Eltex Textile and Garment Factory
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Mustefa Mohammed; Kassu Jilcha (PhD)
    The Ethiopian Textile and garment sector is one of the top priority manufacturing sectors that is given due attention by the government for its generation of foreign currency and job creation for its increasing population. However, the sector faces challenges related to productivity and quality due to several reasons such as poor work culture, skill gap, inappropriate methods and poor system integration. The objective of this study is to improve quality of a garment sewing process through a continuous quality enhancement model. Previous literature on six sigma frameworks in the garment industry do not take into consideration key performance indicators other than defect per hundred units or percentage defectives, such as efficiency, productivity, and cost per SAM or cost per garment. Similarly most six sigma frameworks are not backed by cost/benefit impact analysis hence this research incorporated key performance indicators along with cost/benefit impact analysis by taking 128,311 samples from five product styles in one of the export based company located outside Addis Ababa. The study included an extensive investigation of secondary data in the form of literature reviews and company quality reports, while primarily data is collected through observation, formal and informal discussions with top and middle management. Secondary data collected from the case company shows an average defects per hundred units (DHU) of 19.7%. Data collected from the case company identified significant out of control situation for polo categories and slight out of control situation for the t-shirt categories. Pareto analysis identified six major defects contributing to 82 % of quality reworks. Furthermore questionnaire is used for conducting failure mode and effect analysis. Root causes identified are prioritized using failure mode and effect analysis and improvement solutions presented. Based on the results obtained from quality enhancement model DHU is reduced by an average 5.3% from the existing 19.7 % to 14.4%. Whereas as efficiency and cost per SAM improved by an average 5.6% and 0.76 Birr respectively. The study demonstrated that continuous quality enhancement model comprising six sigma and failure mode and effect analysis have a strong impact on the financial stability of the company.