Browsing by Author "Mulugeta Maru"

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    Assessment on the Perceived needs of Condominium Residents on the Functional Uses and Values of Neighborhood Open Spaces: the Cases of Jemo one Condominium Site, Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-02) Getnet, Eyerusalem; Mulugeta Maru
    Open spaces in the neighborhood are vital aspects of urban planning and design in environmental and social dimension of living condition. In the planning and designing process of open space, identifying the community’s interest towards the open space is important to determine the functional use and value of the space to meet the society’s need. This research investigates the functional use and values of neighborhood open space and perceptions of condominium communities so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the provided open space among the neighborhood. The study focus on gathering the community perceived needs towards open space and how they would prefer it to be by taking Jemo I condominium residential site as a case study. The case study is selected because most of the residents are relocated to this condominium site from deteriorate slum settlement and residents who use a rental house from all over the country which create the social diversification in terms of age, income status, and living background. Due to this the site is selected to carryon this study. To go through this study, a descriptive methodology is followed. Representative households were selected using simple random sampling to participate on structured questionnaire for this paper. Out of the total buildings clustered with open space 10% of the buildings are selected and among those 20% of one bed room, two bed room and three bed room households are selected. Inputs data for this study were collected using interview, questionnaire and site survey techniques to gather information about the functional use of the open space, community’s common perception of the space, accessibility and adequacy of the space and the space supporting the social affairs. Base on the findings and discussions it is understood that the space usage is dominated by household work related actives which weakness significance of the open spaces for interaction and recreation, Poor management of open space for the enhancement, activities overlapping to each other, Community perception towards open space influenced by the current limited function of the open space and Difficulties of implementing planned open space and integrating landscape design to the neighborhood plan. Therefore, the recommendations in addition with the design typology proposed address the issues that reflect the perception of condominium community in Jemo I Addis Ababa. Key words: neighborhood; open space; condominium; perception
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    Examining Spatial Equity, Utilization and Quality of Public Parks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Emphasis on Sub-City Level Parks
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Thomas Minda; Mulugeta Maru
    Urban parks play a vital role in fostering livable cities by promoting environmental sustainability, social well-being. This study assesses the spatial equity, functional quality, and utilization trends of public parks in Addis Ababa, focusing on three selected sub-city-level parks: Yeka Park, Ldeta park and Sheger Park. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating GIS-based spatial analysis, household and user surveys, interviews, document review and site observations. The sampling technique employed were purposive sampling for the selection of parks, simple random sampling for the user and systematic sampling for the household survey. The finding in the park distribution from 2014 to 2024 reveals notable increase with 4 parks added to the inner city and 3 parks to peripheral zones, but the western and eastern sub-cities remained underserved despite urban expansion. The service area overlap analysis also revealed persistent disparities, with 16.3% of the city’s total area and 28.2% of residential parcels lack access to any park services. The northern part of the city especially the inner zone exhibits extensive overlaps, with nine or more park service constitute 16.5% of the city. Furthermore, 22.5% of the city’s total area achieve 15–31 m² access per person, whereas 17.7% of the land cover 0-2 m² per person showing minimal access on the outer zone particularly on southern part of the city highlighting critical gaps on park distribution and per-capita access. Functional quality assessments revealed varied user satisfaction levels across the parks, with Lideta Park excelling in spatial arrangement and walkability, Sheger Park prioritizing safety and inclusivity, and Yeka Park facing challenges in maintenance and safety. Utilization trends underscore the importance of user-centered amenities in development of vibrant park activities. Lideta Park shows a balanced visitation pattern integrated into daily routines, while Sheger and Yeka Parks attract weekend visitors. Barriers to park use include inadequate recreational facilities, safety concerns, and poor maintenance, with notable disparities in user engagement influenced by age, gender, and proximity. The findings indicate the need for equitable allocation of public parks, user-centric improvements and strengthened park management practices. This study advocates for a holistic approach to urban park planning that integrates community needs and sustainable urban development. Keyword: Geospatial analysis; Per-capita Density; Public parks; Spatial Equity; Urban Park Distribution; Buffering
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    Integrating Attributes of Spatial Resilience Into City-Wide Structure Plan of Secondary Cities In Ethiopia: Perspectives From Kombolcha City, Amhara Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-07-01) Mulugeta Maru; Hailu Worku (Professor)
    According to existing literature, studying secondary cities in the global south can help us better understand spatial resilience in the face of multivariate, intersecting, and uncertain challenges. As a result, this study attempted to investigate the urban uncertainties affecting the spatial resilience of Kombolcha city in Amhara Regional State and develop strategies to integrate the attributes of resilience into the city's structure plan. Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research designs were used in this paper. Ex-ante evaluation of the policy documents and post-ante examination of the city's spatial plans were conducted by employing redundancy, diversity, robustness, and integration principles of spatial resilience as evaluation criteria. The thesis deployed document search as a data collection strategy to examine the policy and planning documents governing structure plan preparation in the country: Urban Development Policy(UDP), Urban Planning Proclamation(UPP), Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy(UPPIS), Structure Plan Manual(SPM), and the first and second Growth and Transformation (GTP I and II) and the two spatial plans: 2001 Development Plan(DP), the 2011 Structure Plan(SP), including 2020 Existing Land Use(ELU) of Kombolcha city. Questionnaires, site observations, base maps, and key informant interviews were also used to collect empirical data. The sample size for the study was 400 households, and thirty-five key informants were purposefully chosen from various institutions. The SPSS, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ArcGIS 10.8, and NVivo 12 plus software were applied to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study's findings revealed seventeen environmental and physical urban problems affecting the spatial resilience of the country's secondary cities. As a result, household respondents perceived deforestation as the top urban problem, while water scarcity and wind were considered the least recurring urban challenges in the city. Aside from these, the city's spatial resilience was harmed by unsustainable material and resource consumption, poor infrastructure, inadequate transportation, and insufficient response measures. The integration principle was well assimilated into the policy documents, followed by redundancy, diversity, and robustness. GTP I and II received the highest values regarding the policy-specific review, whereas UPPIS got the lowest. The non-spatial resilience of the city is further compounded by poor collaboration among land authority, water, green, and utility management institutions during the urban planning process. The absence of shared planning, task alignment, and public disclosure of achievements has also magnified the reappearance of hazards in the city. However, the study revealed that DRR-related information is being shared by community leaders (21%), family members (40%), community-based organizations(11.60%), and local administrations(Kebeles) (12.50%). The survey results further discovered a relationship and commonalities among the urban problems exacerbated by land-use zoning changes and the thriving informal settlements. In addition, the study depicted that the resilience principles had been inconsistently mainstreamed into the policy documents. Despite the spatial plans' optimistic visions of addressing hazards and anthropogenic pressures, their practical implementation remains challenging. Though the critical system operators were not collaborating, so does the engagement of local administrations in DRR is not uniform and convincing. However, the participation of communities in DRR is encouraging. Therefore, improving secondary cities' coping, adaptation, and governance systems is timely and critical. Furthermore, local governments in secondary cities commit to localizing global initiatives, setting and enforcing strict local resource utilization strategies, and improving living conditions within their cities. Keywords: Household perceptions; Spatial resilience; Urban Problems; Hazard recurrence;
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    .Integrating Attributes of Spatial Resilience Into City-Wide Structure Plan of Secondary Cities In Ethiopia: Perspectives From Kombolcha City, Amhara Regional State.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-07-01) Mulugeta Maru; Hailu Worku (Professor
    According to existing literature, studying secondary cities in the global south can help us better understand spatial resilience in the face of multivariate, intersecting, and uncertain challenges. As a result, this study attempted to investigate the urban uncertainties affecting the spatial resilience of Kombolcha city in Amhara Regional State and develop strategies to integrate the attributes of resilience into the city's structure plan. Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research designs were used in this paper. Ex-ante evaluation of the policy documents and post-ante examination of the city's spatial plans were conducted by employing redundancy, diversity, robustness, and integration principles of spatial resilience as evaluation criteria. The thesis deployed document search as a data collection strategy to examine the policy and planning documents governing structure plan preparation in the country: Urban Development Policy(UDP), Urban Planning Proclamation(UPP), Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy(UPPIS), Structure Plan Manual(SPM), and the first and second Growth and Transformation (GTP I and II) and the two spatial plans: 2001 Development Plan(DP), the 2011 Structure Plan(SP), including 2020 Existing Land Use(ELU) of Kombolcha city. Questionnaires, site observations, base maps, and key informant interviews were also used to collect empirical data. The sample size for the study was 400 households, and thirty-five key informants were purposefully chosen from various institutions. The SPSS, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ArcGIS 10.8, and NVivo 12 plus software were applied to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study's findings revealed seventeen environmental and physical urban problems affecting the spatial resilience of the country's secondary cities. As a result, household respondents perceived deforestation as the top urban problem, while water scarcity and wind were considered the least recurring urban challenges in the city. Aside from these, the city's spatial resilience was harmed by unsustainable material and resource consumption, poor infrastructure, inadequate transportation, and insufficient response measures. The integration principle was well assimilated into the policy documents, followed by redundancy, diversity, and robustness. GTP I and II received the highest values regarding the policy-specific review, whereas UPPIS got the lowest. The non-spatial resilience of the city is further compounded by poor collaboration among land authority, water, green, and utility management institutions during the urban planning process. The absence of shared planning, task alignment, and public disclosure of achievements has also magnified the reappearance of hazards in the city. However, the study revealed that DRR-related information is being shared by community leaders (21%), family members (40%), community-based organizations(11.60%), and local administrations(Kebeles) (12.50%). The survey results further discovered a relationship and commonalities among the urban problems exacerbated by land-use zoning changes and the thriving informal settlements. In addition, the study depicted that the resilience principles had been inconsistently mainstreamed into the policy documents. Despite the spatial plans' optimistic visions of addressing hazards and anthropogenic pressures, their practical implementation remains challenging. Though the critical system operators were not collaborating, so does the engagement of local administrations in DRR is not uniform and convincing. However, the participation of communities in DRR is encouraging. Therefore, improving secondary cities' coping, adaptation, and governance systems is timely and critical. Furthermore, local governments in secondary cities commit to localizing global initiatives, setting and enforcing strict local resource utilization strategies, and improving living conditions within their cities. Keywords: Household perceptions; Spatial resilience; Urban Problems; Hazard recurrence; Secondary cities; Collaboration; Disaster Risk Reduction
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    Integrating Attributes of Spatial Resilience Into City-Wide Structure Plan of Secondary Cities In Ethiopia: Perspectives from Kombolcha City, Amhara Regional State.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-07-01) Mulugeta Maru; Hailu Worku (Professor)
    According to existing literature, studying secondary cities in the global south can help us better understand spatial resilience in the face of multivariate, intersecting, and uncertain challenges. As a result, this study attempted to investigate the urban uncertainties affecting the spatial resilience of Kombolcha city in Amhara Regional State and develop strategies to integrate the attributes of resilience into the city's structure plan. Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research designs were used in this paper. Ex-ante evaluation of the policy documents and post-ante examination of the city's spatial plans were conducted by employing redundancy, diversity, robustness, and integration principles of spatial resilience as evaluation criteria. The thesis deployed document search as a data collection strategy to examine the policy and planning documents governing structure plan preparation in the country: Urban Development Policy(UDP), Urban Planning Proclamation(UPP), Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy(UPPIS), Structure Plan Manual(SPM), and the first and second Growth and Transformation (GTP I and II) and the two spatial plans: 2001 Development Plan(DP), the 2011 Structure Plan(SP), including 2020 Existing Land Use(ELU) of Kombolcha city. Questionnaires, site observations, base maps, and key informant interviews were also used to collect empirical data. The sample size for the study was 400 households, and thirty-five key informants were purposefully chosen from various institutions. The SPSS, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ArcGIS 10.8, and NVivo 12 plus software were applied to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study's findings revealed seventeen environmental and physical urban problems affecting the spatial resilience of the country's secondary cities. As a result, household respondents perceived deforestation as the top urban problem, while water scarcity and wind were considered the least recurring urban challenges in the city. Aside from these, the city's spatial resilience was harmed by unsustainable material and resource consumption, poor infrastructure, inadequate transportation, and insufficient response measures. The integration principle was well assimilated into the policy documents, followed by redundancy, diversity, and robustness. GTP I and II received the highest values regarding the policy-specific review, whereas UPPIS got the lowest. The non-spatial resilience of the city is further compounded by poor collaboration among land authority, water, green, and utility management institutions during the urban planning process. The absence of shared planning, task alignment, and public disclosure of achievements has also magnified the reappearance of hazards in the city. However, the study revealed that DRR-related information is being shared by community leaders (21%), family members (40%), community-based organizations(11.60%), and local administrations(Kebeles) (12.50%). The survey results further discovered a relationship and commonalities among the urban problems exacerbated by land-use zoning changes and the thriving informal settlements. In addition, the study depicted that the resilience principles had been inconsistently mainstreamed into the policy documents. Despite the spatial plans' optimistic visions of addressing hazards and anthropogenic pressures, their practical implementation remains challenging. Though the critical system operators were not collaborating, so does the engagement of local administrations in DRR is not uniform and convincing. However, the participation of communities in DRR is encouraging. Therefore, improving secondary cities' coping, adaptation, and governance systems is timely and critical. Furthermore, local governments in secondary cities commit to localizing global initiatives, setting and enforcing strict local resource utilization strategies, and improving living conditions within their cities.