Browsing by Author "Mulugeta Birhanu"

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    Evaluating the Challenges of Igad-Led Peace Process of South Sudan
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Mulugeta Birhanu; Samuel Tefera
    The purpose of study is to evaluate the challenges of IGAD-led peace process of South Sudan. Its objective is to evaluate and assess the challenges surrounding the South Sudan peace process mediated by the IGAD-led team. To address these objectives, the researcher employed qualitative research design to make use of its advantage in gaining detailed information about the issue, to examine reflections, understandings and knowledge of negotiators and refugees by offering an in-depth understanding of a particular problem and challenges. South Sudan became 5 an independent state from the Sudan in July 9, 2011, following an internationally monitored referendum, which was held on 9 January. However, almost after three years of independence, the world newest state backslide into the horrific civil war on 15, December 2013, due to the power rivalry within SPLM/A. The war resulted in the massive loss of human life and property destruction. Consequently, the regional organization, IGAD swiftly launched the peace process on Saturday 4th January 2014, in order to halt the crisis in South Sudan. Nevertheless, the peace process faced enormous internal and external challenges during the peace talk and also at present the Joint Monitoring and Evolution Commission (JMEC)is facing impediment in the implementation process. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommends the concerned bodies such as the IGAD, AU, IGAD-Plus and UN should exert pressure on both warring parties so as to speed up the implementation process of Peace Agreement because the South Sudanese are suffering by intense security problems and food crisis associated with the conflict up until now. Besides, the international community should keep out, those who are uncompromising and create impediment to the implementation of the peace accord, from the rank of Transitional Government of National Unity (TGONU). Because the evidences indicate that both belligerent parties leaders are not portrayed their political will and good faith to implement the Peace Concord
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Community Towards Malaria Prevention in Nono District, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional Stat, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-08) Mulugeta Birhanu; Diriba Muleta (Professor)
    Malaria is one of the world's most significant and widespread diseases, caused by a protozoan parasite from the Plasmodium genus. Ethiopia and other underdeveloped nations are home to the two main malaria parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Although several control measures have been implemented in Ethiopia, the inhabitants' health issue remains unresolved. The main objective of this study was to assess the community's knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors related to malaria in several malaria-affected areas in the Nono District of the West Shoa zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. There was a cross-sectional household survey that was descriptive and based in the community. Using purposive and systematic sampling, the respondents were chosen from among the entire population of the four chosen kebeles. Out of the four malarious kebeles that were chosen for the sample size, 362 men and 22 women were methodically chosen from the Nono district's total population. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques were employed in the study. Almost all the respondents (97.13%) heard and had knowledge about human health impact of malaria. The majority (90.36%) of respondents knew that malaria is caused by bite of mosquitoes. Regarding malaria symptoms, the most commonly reported were chills and shivering (98.17%) and fever (95.83%). Additionally, over 98% of respondents were aware that malaria can be transmitted between people. The majority (95.83%) of respondents believed that malaria is a preventable disease. Nearly, all (99.21%) the respondents of the study subjects thought that the use of bed net could prevent malaria, followed by drainage of stagnant water (98.69%). Greater than 95% of the respondents knew about insecticide treated nets (ITN), whereas 4.95% didn’t hear about ITN in Nono district of the selected malarious kebeles. ITN was used by young people (97.13%), pregnant women (95.05%), and children under five years of age (94.01%). Regarding treatment seeking tradition, about 39.84% take traditional medicine, whereas others want health extension center (35.15%). Greater than 86% of the residents strongly agreed but 13.03% agreed that malaria was one of the major health problems. Almost all (99.21%) of the respondents thought that the use of bed nets could prevent malaria, followed by removal of standing water (98.69%), apply insecticide to the house. (96.61%), taking tablets or drugs (92.44%), using traditional medicine (84.11%), closing windows and doors (81.25%). The study revealed a significant gap between the respondents' knowledge of preventive measures and their actual practice of malaria prevention and control methods. Therefore, it is crucial that health education initiatives be implemented, and greater attention and priority be given to minimizing this gap in the community's knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices regarding malaria.