Browsing by Author "Mohammed Ahmed"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of 70 % Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Rosa Abyssinica R.Br. Ex Lindl (Rosaceae
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-10) Mohammed Ahmed; Workineh Shibeshi
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder result from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Given the high prevalence of disability and comorbidities associated with DM, it’s pivotal to bring forth sensible preventative and alternative treatment plans. Many plants in Rosacea family have been studied for their antidiabetic activity and Rosa abyssinica is one of the plant that widely used for its antidiabetic activity in traditional medicine in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess antihyperglycemic outcome of 70% ethanol extract of Rosa abyssinica. The in vitro antidiabetic effect was evaluated using assay for α-amylase inhibition of 70% ethanol fruit extract of R. abyssinica and positive standard, acarbose, at six different concentrations using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) technique. Conversely, normoglycemic, glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models were used to assess the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. Five groups of mice—six mice in each group—were used in this investigation, consists of three experimental groups receiving 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, positive control group receiving glibenclamide (GLC5 mg/kg), and negative control group receiving distilled water (10 ml/kg). In STZ-induced diabetes, a single intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg body weight of STZ was used to cause diabetes. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the extract in STZ -induced diabetic mice was evaluated using single dose and repeated dose study for three weeks. The in vitro test for α-amylase inhibition was analyzed using independent sample t test and the result showed there were no significant difference between the extract and the standard drug, acarbose, with triplicate measurement of IC50 of 26.72 ± 3.60 and 21.37 ± 4.25μg/ml respectively. The in vivo antihyperglycemic effect both in the oral glucose challenge and STZ induced diabetic mice showed similar result between the positive control and the two highest dose of the extract. In the normoglycemic experiment except with the highest dose of the extract, RA400, the other doses of the extract showed no hypoglycemic side effect and the extract showed positive for all tested qualitative secondary metabolite tests and quantitative test results showed alkaloids (83.37 mg ATP/g), phenols (892 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (286.58 mg QCE/g) amounts.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Determinant Factors Among Patients Visiting Kutaber Health Center, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-08-08) Mohammed Ahmed; Mamo Hassen (PhD)
    Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of pronounced health problems in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was, thus, to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated determinant factors among patients visiting Kutaber health center (KHC). Across-sectional study was conducted from October 2017-March 2018 using convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was prepared and used to identify, socio demographic, behavioral and other related risk factors. Stool specimens were collected from all study participants and were examined for intestinal parasites identification using direct saline smear-method. Finally, data entry and analysis were done using SPSS software (21vertion). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study 450 patients were participated in the final analysis, of those, 216 were males and 234 females. Majority of study participants 264 live in surrounding rural place of the study area, while the rest 186 live in the urban area. The proportion of age group, 5-14 years old (36.4%), 15 -24 years old (18.9%) and the majority of the study participants (44.7%) were ≥ 25 years old. Out of 450 samples examined 179(39.8%) patients had one or more intestinal parasites belonging to six different types(species) including mixed intestinal parasites. From the different intestinal parasites identified in the study area, protozoan infection was the most predominant. Among the intestinal protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was found to be 99(22%) and Gardia lamblia 46(10.2%). The prevalence of other intestinal helminths was Hymenolepis nana 12(2.7%), Entorbius vermicularis 10(2.2%), Ascariasis lumbricoides 7(1.6%), and Trichuris trichiura 2(0.4%). Among the 450 samples examined 176 (39.1%) of the cases had single infection and only 3(0.7%) were mixed parasites. Intestinal parasitic infections were prevalent among the study participants specially in the aged group 5-14 years old and those living in rural areas. Therefore, control measures including, health center and school-based education on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, water supply and treatment should be taken in to account to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study area, because IPIs will be difficult to control by drugs alone. Periodic evaluation of community is also necessary to provide useful information for appropriate control and management of these infections.