Browsing by Author "Mitiku, Tewodros(MD)"

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    Pilot Study to Assess the AntenatalPoint Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects and Associated Factors in Pregnant Woman Attending ANC in Ghandi Memorial Hospital in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, August 26- September 10of 2017
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-09) Mitiku, Tewodros(MD); Zawdneh, Daniel (MD,Associate Professor of Radiology
    Introduction:NTDs are a heterogeneous group of CNS malformation resulting from faulty development of neural tube during one the three embryonic periods. NTD is the second most common congenital malformation following CHD and the most common form of CNS malformation. It encompasses a broad spectrum of CNS malformation spanning from anencephaly which is incompatible with life to minor occult malformation. NTDs have a global average incidence of 1.6 per 1000 live births, the highest incidence reported in Mexico and England. There is no adequate data on its incidence in Ethiopia but its frequency ranges from 0.77-6.1 per 1000 live births in South Africa 1, 2, 3, 4&5. NTD is a multifactorial process resulting from interplay between genetic and environmental factors. There is an increased risk of NTD after affected siblings and in siblings of affected parents1. There is also an increased risk in infants of mothers with low serum folic acid level, poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes millets, obesity and maternal intake of anti-epileptic and folic acid antagonist drug especially in the first trimester1, 11 & 12. Objective: to assess the point prevalence and the frequency of different types of NTD using routine obstetric anatomic ultrasound scan as well as factors associated with NTD Methods: A hospital based trans cross sectional study was conducted in Ghandi memorial hospital on 84 pregnant women attending ANC from August 26 to September 10 of 2017. The study has included all pregnant women with a gestational age of 18 weeks and above and live pregnancy. Result: The study has included 84 pregnant women all of whom was singleton intra uterine pregnancies. The study participants had an average age of 27.5 years and literacy rate of 99% .The reported monthly average income was 3300 birr. None of them took preconception folic acid supplementation while 71.4% took during first trimester. Thirty six point four percent took medically prescribed medication during first trimester. Two of the fetuses had ananencephaly type of NTD giving point prevalence of 23.8 NTD per 1000 pregnancies. viii Conclusion: The literacy rate and participants living above the poverty line is much higher than both urban and national average. First trimester; especially, preconception folic acid supplement intake is low in this study but the finding is comparable to similar studies. The point prevalence of NTD is significantly higher than the global and regional averages. All of the studies calculated their incidence as a ratio of live births and did not consider all forms of pregnancy losses and still births. But it is difficult to generalize based on this study findings due to small study population size and facility based study design. Further study is recommended to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of reproductive age women towards folic acid supplement intake. Large population based study is recommended to assess the prevalence and the frequency of different types of NTD.