Browsing by Author "Misganaw, Abebaw"

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    Comparison of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate and Lidocaine for Attenuation of Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Elective Surgical Patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Abeba ,Ethiopia2018/2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Misganaw, Abebaw; Sitot, Mulualem(B.SC, M.SC); Jemal, Suliman(B.SC, M.SC)
    Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential components of general anesthesia. But it is always associated with side effects called reflex cardiovascular responses. Many methods have been identified to attenuate these responses like intravenous lidocaine, deep inhalational anesthesia, vasodilators, intravenous magnesium sulphate even though therapeutic superiority remains understudied Objective: To compare the effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine and magnesium sulphate for attenuation of cardiovascular responses after laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgical patients at Zewditu memorial hospital. Methods: An institutional based cohort study on 112 adult patient age between 18-60 years was applied. 37 patients in non-exposed group (Group N), 37 in lidocaine group (Group L) and 38 in magnesium sulphate (Group M) were included. The hemodynamic parameters like HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP at various time points up to 7 minutes post-intubation were recorded and effect of both drugs to reduce hemodynamic responses was compared. Parametric data were analyzed using (ANOVA) and nonparametric data using Kuruska-Wallis H rank test. Results: In all three groups, there was statistically significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure from baseline. There was statistically significant difference in mean heart rate throughout study minutes among the groups (p<0.001). However there was no statistically significant difference in mean heart rate between Groups M and L at all post intubation time intervals. In blood pressure at all three parameters there was statistically significant difference among groups at all-time points except no difference at 7th minutes in DBP. There was significantly lower blood pressure in group M compared to both groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate and lidocaine were effective in attenuating haemodynamic responses to the stress effect of laryngoscopy and intubation but magnesium sulphate is better than lignocaine. We recommend that magnesium sulphate as alternative of lidocaine in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
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    Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Released and Landrace Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes of Northern and Eastern Ethiopia as Revealed by SSR Markers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05-01) Misganaw, Abebaw; Feyissa, Tileye (Professor)
    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the most stable and important food security crop in Ethiopia accounting for nearly 40% of human calorie intake. Knowledge of the natural genetic composition of the crop provides the option to further exploit its genetic potential through breeding. However, there are limited reports on the genetic variability of Ethiopian sorghum using a medium-throughput marker system. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate the genetic variability of released and landrace Ethiopian sorghum genotypes using polymorphic microsatellite markers. A 92 sorghum accessions collected from five Ethiopian ecological zones were targeted using 12 SSR markers. The study resulted in 77 alleles across the entire loci and populations. All the used microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic with PIC ranging from 0.66 to 0.82 and an overall mean of 0.76. The analysis confirmed the presence of high gene diversity ranging from 0.71 to 0.84 with overall mean of 0.79. There was a higher genetic differentiation (FST=0.21) showing the presence of moderate gene flow. The analyzed molecular variances indicated the existence of large genetic differentiation (FST=0.21) where 90% of the total variation was accounted for within populations genetic variability, leaving only 10% for the among populations variation. The PCoA, clustering, and population structure did not cluster the studied populations into a separate groups according to their geographical areas of sampling due to the presence of considerable gene flow (Nm= 2.13). In conclusion, based on the overall evaluated loci the highest intra-population diversity was observed among populations of North Gondar (Het= 0.75) and South Tigray (Het= 0.74), and hence these areas can be considered as hot spots for the identification of genotypes for breeding program. Therefore, the present study generated valuable information for sorghum breeding programs, and for conservation measures.