Browsing by Author "Mihret, Getaneh"

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    Economic Burden of Malaria: The Case of Northwestern Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2020-06) Mihret, Getaneh; Atnafu, G/Meskel (Ph.D)
    This thesis explores the economic burden of malaria incidence by controlling household practices regarding malaria prevention in Jabi-tehnan District. It uses household survey data collected by the Social Sciences and Impact Assessment Unit of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). This study aimed at assessing and examining factors contributing to malaria and the impact of the incidence by using both descrptive statistics and econometrics aproach. In the descriptive analysis, it is assessed that malaria causes on average 465 ETB expenditure per person, led to 29 days of absenteeism from school, and 10 workdays lost. We use OLS and RE for malaria deteminant regrssion. Maize productivity function is estimated by using OLS, RE, 2SLS, GLS, and 3SLS. In the first part of the econometrics analysis, the determinants of malaria incidence are estimated. The result from the estimation suggests household practices, nutritional status, and catching diseases other than malaria significantly determine malaria incidence. Household practices indicator variables significantly explain the difference in the incidence of malaria among households. In the second part of the econometric analysis, we estimate the impact of malaria on maize productivity by using various models (OLS, RE, 2SLS, GLS, and 3SLS). The results differ across models. Under OLS and RE model estimation: malaria negatively affects maize productivity while taking malaria as an exogenous variable. Malaria is insignificant in determining maize productivity in other models that uses instrumental variable). This may be attributed to the substitution of ill family labor with hired ones and/or cooperation of the community. We also found that malaria incidence in the household increases labor days per hectare since illness makes individuals far from being effective. This is estimated by using 3SLS. Based on the results from this study, we imply that any intervention of malaria reduction needs to consider the health-seeking behavior of households. This helps to deal with the systematic difference in households’ practices regarding malaria and its prevention methods. Policies intended to reduce the burden of malaria should not only consider the short-run economic consequences, rather emphasize the burden it imposes on an individual’s capacity.
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    Tax Audit Practice in Ethiopia: The Case of the Federal Government
    (A.A.U, 2011-06) Mihret, Getaneh; Wollela, Abehodie (PhD)
    This study examines tax audit practice in Ethiopia (the case oj federal govern ment), and inves tigates key proble ms in tax audit operation regardin g th e appropria teness oj audit typ e used, audit rat e, aptness oj audit case selection metho d~ and audit examination techniques used, and the experience and capability oj audit staff resources. The study adopts mixed method approach in order to achieve the research objec tiv"s and to answer research question s. Specifically, the techn iqu es used in th e study include survey with tax audit ors and in ves tigators, in-depth interviews with tax officials and taxpayers , and documentary analysis. With these research l1letho d~, the results oj the study reveal th at tax audit program remains undeveloped with slight range oj tax audit activities peljormed targe ting al'lly sp ecific risks. The tax audit program is a toddler tool in improving vo l untary compliance and increasingJuture revenue peljorllJance through educating and helping taxpayers to understand th eir tax obligations. The study also shows low audit coverage, the absence oj compliance ris k-based alldit case selection strategy, scarcity oj alldit resources, tax auditors in particular, and absence oj projicient and experienced teLr auditors. In the end, the s tudy Jonvards the possible measures to be taken by the Ethiopian Revenue and Custo ms Authority to mitigate problems in tar audit operatioll.