Browsing by Author "Messele Taye"

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    Assessment of Impacts of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Control Measures on Cattle Herd Composition and Performance in Southern Rift Valley
    (2008-06) Messele Taye ; Kelay Belihu
    This study was conducted in the Wolayta and Gamogofa Zones of the Southern Nation Nationalities and People Region. Two districts, Kindo Koysha from Wolayta Zone (community tsetse controlled areas) and Arba-minch Zuria from Gamogofa Zone (tsetse challenged and STEP tsetse controlled areas) were selected purposely based on their similar type of agro ecology and the status of tsetse control to assess the impacts of tsetse and trypanosomosis control measures on cattle herd size and composition, milk yield and reproductive performances of cattle. Two Kebeles were selected randomly from each study area (tsetse challenged, STEP tsetse controlled and community tsetse controlled areas) and 50 households were selected randomly from each Kebele that made a total sample size of 300 households. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and a follow up study was carried out on a total of purposely selected 45 prepartum cows to collect data on daily milk yield every two weeks and also check for the occurrence of postpartum heat and subsequent pregnancy. The results showed that land holding was significantly (P< 0.001) higher in community controlled areas (2.80 ha) followed by tsetse challenged (2.24 ha) and STEP controlled areas (1.44 ha). The total livestock holding by a household in tsetse challenged area (11.84 heads) was higher than the livestock holding in STEP tsetse controlled (9.82 heads) and community tsetse controlled (9.98 heads) areas (p<0.05). Livestock diseases were the first most important constraint of livestock production identified by 83% of respondents in tsetse challenged area. In STEP and community based controlled areas shortage of grazing area was mentioned by 88% and 63% of the respondents as a major constraint, respectively. The first priority disease mentioned by 100% of the respondents in tsetse challenged area and by 95% of the respondents in both STEP and community controlled areas was trypanosomosis. The average number of cattle herd size in tsetse challenged area (9.79 heads) was higher than the comparable number of cattle herd size in the STEP tsetse controlled (7.02 heads) and in the community tsetse controlled (7.45heads) areas (p<0.001). The number of non-pregnant dry cows (p<0.05%), bulls (p<0.0%) and oxen (p<0.001) were significantly higher in tsetse challenged areas than the other two study areas. The results of cattle herd dynamics study showed that both rates of addition to (p<0.01) and disposal from the herd (p<0.001) were significantly higher in tsetse challenged area than the other two study areas. Cows in STEP and community controlled areas were able to give 26-27, 25-29 and 17-21% more daily milk yield at x the beginning, middle and end of lactation, respectively, than those in tsetse challenged areas. In addition, cows in STEP and community controlled areas had lactation length was longer by 1.2-1.35 months, age at first calving shorter by 5.1-5.3 months and calving interval shorter by 3.2 -4.1 months than cows in tsetse challenged area, respectively. The results of follow up study indicated that daily milk yield was consistently higher for STEP controlled areas than the other two study areas where their values were overlapping at some points in the lactation period. The total number of cattle died in one year time in tsetse challenged area was about 9.18 and 7.29 times higher than the value for STEP and community controlled areas, respectively (p<0.001). It can be concluded that tsetse control measures improve the cattle herd performances and encouraged more people to be engaged into crop cultivation.
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    The Impact of Inflation on Return on Asset of Private Banks: Evidence from of Ethiopian
    (A.A.U, 2021-07) Messele Taye; Anteneh Salehu
    The study's objective is to analyze the impact of inflations on the Asset of Ethiopian private banks from 2016 to 2020. An inferential statistics method of data analysis has been made on Private Banks to achieve the objective. The study uses both Inflation Rate (IFR) and Lending Average Interest Rate (LAIR) to measure a bank's asset. The research methodology presents the methods, techniques, scientific paths, and procedures in the 16 sampled Ethiopian private banks. The findings shows the existence of an inverse relationship between inflation and the performance of private commercial banks. This negative association was statistically significant; thus, the findings suggested that inflation was an essential factor determining the Return on Assets of private banks of Ethiopia as the p-value is 0.033. The Mean of Inflation Rate and Lending Interest Rate results are all most similar to each other that are 13.4291 and 13.664; the trend in the increase of Inflation rate was higher at the end of the last three years the study shows that is from 14.7% in the Year 2017 to 21.6% to the Year of 2020, it has increased by five percent each year. The average Lending Interest has shown a steady growth in those Years. The researcher can conclude that the revenue generated from the Lending Activities of Banks consumed by the economy's inflation rate. An Inflation adjusted financial statement would have informed that most of the Private Banks, especially for which more than 50% of their incomes were from Interest Income, registered a loss or lesser bank assets. As a recommendation, Inflation adjusted Lending Interest Rate should be applied by the Banks to alleviate impact of Inflation Rate in the Economy.