Browsing by Author "Lidya Genene"

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    Early Detection, Referral and Outcome of Breast Abnormalities at Selected Primary Health Care Facilities in Addis Ababa: A Multi-Center Mixed Method Study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Bethlehem Fiseha ; Sefonias Getachew; Lidya Genene
    Background; There are more than 2.3 million cases of breast cancer each year, making it the most common form of cancer. Benign breast conditions, which are not studied well in Ethiopia, together with misdiagnosis and the knowledge gap among health professionals, make the burden even worse. Therefore, this study is crucial in bridging the knowledge gap with this regard. Objective; The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of patients with breast abnormalities; referral; and professionals’ knowledge about breast cancer early detection work at selected primary health care facilities in Addis Ababa in 2024. Methods; A multi-center, mixed-method study using a multi-stage sampling method was conducted at primary healthcare facilities. The quantitative study, which was a retrospective cross sectional study, was conducted on all case note audits of patients for year 2023 to assess magnitude and patient outcomes. The other quantitative study had a cross-sectional design and a self-administered questionnaire was provided to health care professionals to assess their knowledge about breast cancer early detection work. The data was collected using Open Data Kit. The qualitative study was conducted with phenomenological study approach. The quantitative data was analyzed using STATA version 14 software. Descriptive statistics was done using frequency and percentages. Categorical data analysis and binary logistic regression were also done. Odds Ratio with its 95% Confidence Interval was used as a measure of association. Variables having a p value less than 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered as having significant association with the dependent variable. Results; The prevalence of breast abnormalities at the selected health facilities was 170.31 per 100,000 population among adult population and 109.14 per 100,000 female populations among women 30 and older. Patient delay was more than 30 days in 23.5% (85) of the cases. Only 14.9% (54 of the patients were referred to the next health facilities and physical examination was done only for 20.4% (74) of them. Of the health professionals, 27.6% (137) were knowledgeable (95%CI (0.24, 0.32)). Among trained health professionals, 72.7% (32) had poor knowledge. Work experience (AOR=5.61, 95% CI, (1.32, 23.9)); and risk factor identification (AOR=3.53, 95% CI, (1.66, 7.50)) were factors affecting knowledge of health professionals about breast cancer early detection work. The qualitative findings confirmed and explained the quantitative study findings such as absence of referral feedback, screening services and diagnostic investigations; poor knowledge of health professionals; and patient and healthcare related delays. Conclusions; There is higher prevalence of breast abnormalities among age 30 and above. Only 14.9% (54) of the patients were referred to the next health facility. Absence of diagnostic investigations and referrals with incomplete information together with absence of referral feedbacks deterred the referral experience. Majority of primary healthcare professionals have poor knowledge of breast cancer early detection work resulting in misdiagnosis and negligence. Trainings were given for very few of the health professionals and it was not effective that majority of the trained ones were not knowledgeable.
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    Health Related Quality Of Life And Associated Factors Among Stroke Patients at tertiary Care Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Eden Fiseha; Girma Taye; Lidya Genene
    Background: Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death and daily adjusted life years globally. Stroke has a significant impact on the psychological and physical well-being of the patient, which affects health-related quality of life for stroke survivors. However, to the best level of our knowledge, there are no local studies conducted using stroke-specific qualities of life (SSQOL-49). Therefore, this study aims to assess the quality of life among stroke survivors in Ethiopia using a stroke-specific quality-of-life tool (SSQOL-49). Objective: The study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life and associated factors among stroke patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Yekatit 12 Medical College Hospital, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A health facility-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 372 systematically selected adult stroke survivors from March 3 to May 3, 2024, at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Yekatit 12 Medical College Hospital. A pre-tested, structured, stroke-specific quality of life tool (SSQOL-49) and a modified Rankin scale were used to collect data from eligible participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess association. A predictor with (AOR) with 95% CI was presented and P< 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to assess the goodness of fit of the model. Finally, the results were presented in statements, tables, and figures. Result: In our study 215 (58%) of study participants had poor HRQOL. Female gender (AOR = 0.101; 95%CI 0.022, 0.464), older age (AOR =0.005; 95%CI 0.001-0.400), ischemic stroke type (AOR =7.917; 95%CI 1.266-49.520), attack on the left hemisphere (AOR = 0.163; 95% CI 0.001, 0.485), and moderate to severe disability (AOR = 0.016; 95%CI 0.001, 0.248) were associated with lower HRQOL. And the presence of comorbidities like hypertension (AOR =0.122; 95%CI 0.025-0.611), cardiac disease (AOR = 0.167; 95%CI 0.038-0.740), and diabetes (AOR =0.045; 95%CI 0.046-0.967) were associated with lower HRQOL. Conclusion and recommendation: More than half of stroke survivors who had follow-ups at ZMH and Y12MCH had poor HRQOL. Incorporating the assessment of HRQOL in clinical evaluation and longitudinal HRQOL studies is advisable to confirm the cause-effect association.
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    Validity of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Tools in Colorectal and Esophagogastric Cancer Patients in Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Lidya Genene; Adamu Addissie; Abigiya Wondimagegnehu,; Aynalem Abraha
    Background- Gastro intestinal cancers and their treatments have detrimental effect on patients’ Quality of Life. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tools which had been developed to assess quality of life among colorectal and oesophagogastric cancers patients were validated and used in different countries. However, the tools have not been translated into local language nor validated in Ethiopian context. Therefore, this study aimed to validate EORTC quality of life tools in Ethiopian colorectal and esophagogastric cancer patients. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was done at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from March to May 2020. Based on the recommendations given for multi trait scale analysis, 158 colorectal and 158 oesophagogastric cancer patients at the time of data collection period were consecutively included. SPSS version 21 was used for the analysis. The validity and reliability were evaluated in terms of acceptability, internal consistency, face validity,convergent, divergent, clinical validity and unidimensionality of the tools. Result: Among the participants 52.2% were male. The median age of the participants was 48(IQR =17.75). The alpha values ranged from 0.47- 0.91 and 0.39 - 0.7 for colorectal and oesophagogastric tools, respectively. Multi trait scale analysis showed that all items correlations within their scales were greater than 0.4 except for blood and mucus in stool,dysphagia, eating and odynophagia scales. The value of correlation coefficients between all items and their own domain were higher than other domains except for eating, odynophagia,dysphagia, anxiety, and blood and mucus in stool scales. The correlation between the core questionnaire and colorectal tool ranged from -0.46– 0.57. Similarly, oesophagogastric and the core questionnaire correlation extended from -0.65-0.62. The tools also discriminated among clinically distinct groups. Conclusion: Even though the tools’ clinical validity was supported, the convergent and divergent validity of eating, odynophagia, dysphagia, anxiety, and blood and mucus in stool scales were not supported. Thus, the finding suggested doing confirmatory factor analysis.