Browsing by Author "Kitaw, Abraham"

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    Assessment of Health Service Restoration in War Affected Areas of Amhara Regional State, Northern Ethiopia, 2022
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Kitaw, Abraham; Alemu, Dakito (PhD)
    The objective of this study was to describe the health service restoration status of war affected public health institutions in Amhara regional state in terms of service availability, readiness and utilization. Mixed method was employed to this cross sectional descriptive study. Primary data were collected from 35 of 40 war affected public hospitals with structured questionnaire since May to June 2022, and secondary data extracted from electronics health reporting system and document review. Microsoft Excel was used to do descriptive analysis. Regarding to result, the current study findings show that 0.03 hospital, 2.1 inpatient beds and 0.5 physician per 10,000 populations and the project achieved only 60% general service availability. The mean availability of 17 selected specific services was 70% in total affected hospitals. General service readiness index and mean service specific readiness index were 69% and 75% respectively which implies that those hospitals started to offer services were ready to provide general health services with the capacity of 24 hospitals and specific health services with the capacity of 26 hospitals, instead of 35. Regarding to service utilization, outpatient attendance per person per year was 1.26 and achieved only 25% of global benchmark while the inpatient admission rate was 86 per 10,000 populations in war affected community which means clients get access inpatient services only 64% and 8.6% of national average and global standard respectively. Based on the findings of the study the investigator concludes that most of indicators in health service availability, readiness and utilization are below national benchmarks and the overall health service restoration status was 64 percent. The researcher suggests for government to avail power sources; International NGOs to offer humanitarian services in those inaccessible health facilities and communities due to active war; the ministry of health and regional health bureau to facilitate and mobilize fund to avail diagnostic and surgical service equipment, and to develop health professionals recruit and retention mechanism; and researchers for future studies to focus on community based survey, primary health care unit assessment and service-specific utilization.
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    Characterization and Evaluation of Mush Valley Coal for Its Application as A Domestic Energy Source
    (AAU, 2018-06) Kitaw, Abraham; Belay, Woldeyes (Prof.)
    The main goal of this study is to substitute domestic biomass fuel energy source by the presented mush valley coal. To use it, a number of experiments were conducted before use in household application. During the experimental work the proximate and ultimate analysis where carried out through in different methods. The proximate analysis result shows the coal quality; from the analysis the coal has an average moisture content of 19%, volatile matter of 31.34%, ash content of 11.58, fixed carbon value of 38.02%, and its calorific value of 4117 kcal/kg and also Hard Grove Gridability Index values ranging between 45 and 64.3. Finally the proximate analysis result shows, the Mush Valley coal is fall under the rank of lignite A to sub-bituminous B categories. In the ultimate analysis the amount of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur and Oxygen were determined by using CHNS/O analyzer. To use coals for domestic application, effective stove was designed, fabricated and tested to evaluate the thermal performance of the stove. The design part of stove focused on, the insulation around the combustion chamber, air inlet to ensure the accessibility of sufficient air for the complete combustion of the fuel coal, and the integration of chimney to convey flue gases away from the place of use. Water boiling tests were carried out in order to produce the required data for evaluating the stove‟s performance by calculating Specific Fuel Consumption, Fire Power, Percent heat utilized and thermal efficiency. The performance evaluation shows that average fire power of 9.7 KW, average specific fuel consumption of 0.765, average percent heat utilized of 49 % and thermal efficiency of 58.3%. The efficiency of the results of the study, it can be seen that the performance of the designed coal stove is better than the traditional three-stone open fire reported to have efficiency of about 14-25%.