Browsing by Author "Ketema Wakjira (PhD)"

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    Federalism and Environmental Policy: the Case of Burayou City
    (Addis Ababa university, 2018-06) Mesfin Lemma; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)
    The aim this research is to analyze the adequacy of environmental policies and legal frameworks, competencies of the federal, regional state and urban local governments in protection of environment. It particularly examined the implementation of environmental policy in the city of Burayou. In doing so, the study employed a mixed research approach; and primary data were collected using interview, FDG, questionnaire and personal observation. The finding of this research shows that there is inadequate policy and legal frameworks for addressing environmental problems at the local level. Due to lack of significant regulations, directives, procedural guidelines, and lack of standards and baselines to protect the environment, the local communities living around the industries have been vulnerable to environmental hazards. Public participation in environmental decision making hardly exists at the city level; and the environmental accountability is yet to be attained. There is weak intergovernmental coordination among environmental sectors at the three levels. There has been little supervision over the environmental sector at the city level; and the environmental sector in the city of Burayou suffers from capacity constraints. Hence, this study contends that there is a need for empowering urban local governments, strengthen environmental policies, and build the capacity of environmental bodies and to promote IGRs for implementation of environmental policies in rapidly urbanizing cities like Burayou.
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    Federalism and Students’ Conflict Management in Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions: The Case of Arba Minch University
    (Addis Ababa Unversity, 2021-06) Amanu Tilahun; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)
    Since recent years, conflict, particularly latent conflict is frequently emerged everywhere and at any time, especially in Ethiopian higher educational institutions but the ability to manage them is different from institution to institution. Thus, the main objective of the study is to examine the capacity of federalism to manage conflicts between or among students in Arba Minch university. To accomplish the above objective, mixed research approach, both primary and secondary sources of data as well as cluster and purposive sampling techniques were employed to provide well integrated and clarified data analysis. By doing so, the finding of the study has revealed that although there existed amicable social interaction among students of Arba Minch university, some latent conflicts such as interpersonal, interethnic and interreligious conflicts were rarely raised between or among students of the institution. Some of the main causes for the emergence of those conflicts in the university were ethnic identity and religious differences, absence of strong supervision upon the drive back students and those who have political mission, political instability of the country due to the manipulation of ethnic federalism, interregional state conflicts and students’ conflict in other universities. In this regard, students themselves, instructors and administrative staffs as well as the local community were the main actors of those conflicts. In addition, compromising and accommodation methods of conflict management altogether with ADR mechanisms were employed by the institution to manage students’ conflicts. Here, federalism, the local community and religious leaders have played prominent roles in managing students’ conflicts on the behalf of informal mechanisms. Furthermore, the university’s cooperative work culture with the local community and religious leaders; its alertness to solve various problems of students; and passionate and peace-loving culture of the local community are some good practices of Arba Minch university that other universities are expected to learn from it in relation to students’ conflict management in a peaceful manner. Yet, the study has verified that the institution should work a lot on preventing students’ conflicts proactively, and on the establishment of all-inclusive club/committee which conduct further studies upon the causes of students’ conflicts and various alternative solutions in order to manage students’ conflicts effectively than ever before.
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    Federalism and the Impacts of Addis Ababa City Expansion on Farming communities: the case of Eekkaa Oromo, Yeka Abado
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Nanati Gezmu; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)
    This thesis aims to examine the impact of Addis Ababa city expansion on the surrounding farming community, with particular reference to the Ekkaa Oromo in the “Yeka Abado” area, and thereby evaluate the mechanisms of handling these impacts in a federal setting of Ethiopia. In doing so, the study has used mixed research approach. For gathering primary data, the study employed, different instruments of data collection, including questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions (FGD) with members of purposely selected Eekkaa Oromo farmers’ community at Yeka Abado. The study also used document analysis, from housing policy, constitution of FDRE, regulations, and procedures pertinent to the research under discussion as secondary data sources. The study found out that Yeka Abado condominium project is one of the causes for displacing Eekka Oromo communities from their farm lands without providing the chance of getting the condominium houses. Besides, the informal settlement is another cause for rapid urban expansion in the city and loss of the farm land for the farmers. The study found out that Eekkaa Oromo farmers at Yeka Abado are victims of negative impacts of the urbanization process taking place in their locality. They have already lost their original way of life particularly agricultural practices and these farmers are dispersed from their original habitat. Consequently, the urbanization process, measured in terms of the impact of Yeka Abado condominium housing project, has negatively impacted nearly all aspects of the farming communities’ life ranging from socio-cultural, economic to politics. This study, therefore, argues that impact of urban expansion and urbanization on the Eekkaa Oromo community contradicts with the constitutional, cultural, economic, territorial and political rights set by federalism of Ethiopia.
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    Urbanization and its Cultural Impacts in the Ethiopian Federation: The Case of Addis Ababa and the Oromo
    (Addis Ababa university, 2020-11) Chala Furgasa; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)
    The aim of this study is to assess how the rapid urbanization of Addis Ababa affects the culture of Oromo in the Ethiopian federation with particular reference to Addis Ababa and its surrounding. It specifically examines the contribution of federalism for the recognition and development of Oromo culture in and around Addis Ababa. The Thesis not only investigates the role of Oromia National Regional State (ONRS) in retaining Oromo culture but also identifies the challenges of promoting the Oromo Culture in and around Addis Ababa. In order to achieve these objectives, the study mainly relied on qualitative research approach to analyze the data obtained through key informant interview, while those obtained through questionnaire were analyzed through simple statistics. Different primary data collection instruments, including key informant interview and questionnaire were used to obtain primary data sources. It has also utilized different secondary sources including Books, journal Articles and published and nonpublished sources. The ONRS has tried to revive the Oromo culture in the city through opening Afan Oromo schools, revitalizing Gada system and conducting studies if an efforts made by the ONRS to preserve and to promote Oromo culture in the city are not adequate. The study found out that, at present, there are several undermining factors of Oromo culture including politicization of Oromo culture including identity, language, religion and social organization. The Addis Ababa city administration and the federal government are not concerning and giving credit as much as for the efforts of ONRS. The rapid pace of urbanization of Addis Ababa has been in contradiction with the Oromo culture (including identity, language, and religion/Waaqeffannaa in the city as well as with the interest of the surrounding Oromo inhabitants who also want to use, manifest and maintain its culture stuffs, under the current federal system. In contrast to the federal state set up that give equal recognition to diversified cultures and tradition, the centralized political practice, not cooperation of Addis Ababa city administration and federal government are among the challenges to recognize Oromo culture in the Addis Ababa/Finfinnee city. It is, therefore, an argument of this thesis that a multicultural city of Addis Ababa/Finfinnee can be created when the culture of diversified groups including Oromo culture are recognized, freely manifested and treated equally in the city without favoring a certain group culture.