Browsing by Author "Kebede, Tesfaye(MD, Associate Professor of Radiology)"

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    Cross Sectional Study on Patters of Variation in Hepatic Vasculature inpatients Enrolled to Radiology Department and Evaluated by Computed Tomography at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ,Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-07) Tesfaye, Kaleab; Kebede, Tesfaye(MD, Associate Professor of Radiology)
    Background Hepatic Artery, on the basis of intrahepatic branching patterns of blood supply and biliary drainage, liver creates 8 segmentations: anterior and posterior segments in right lobe, whereas medial and lateral segments in left lobe. Each segment is again subdivided into upper and lower segments 1 . The usual arterial supply of liver is common hepatic artery arising from celiac trunk, accounting for 25-75% of cases. The patterns of arterial supply are not constant. In variant patterns, it receives arterial flow through branches coming from superior mesenteric artery, left gastric artery, or, rarely from other arterial trunks 2 . Portal vein, the normal anatomy of portal vein is defined as a division of main portal vein into two branches left portal vein and right portal vein. Left portal vein supplying segments I, II, III and IV. The right portal vein is dividing secondarily into two branches- right medial (anterior) sectoral division supplying segments V & VIII and right lateral (posterior) sectoral division supplying segments VI & VII. 1 Variations are frequent and they account for 20-35% of the population. Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the patterns of variation in hepatic vasculature on patients presented to radiology department and had computed tomography of the abdomen at tikuranbesa specialized hospital. Method:Hospital based retrospectivecross-sectional study was conducted on 878 patients who underwent an abdominal CT at TASH andpatterns of variation in hepatic vasculature was evaluated in a period of 3 months from June 2018 to September.2018. Data was collected by evaluating abdominal CT scans from PACS (Medweb). The data was checked for clarity and completeness. Computerized data analysis was conducted by using SPSS version 20.0 software Result: Total of 878 (N = 878) patients were included in the study out of which 537 patients had a post contrast CT and 341 patients had a triphasic scan Hepatic arterial anatomy was evaluated in those patients who had a triphasic abdominal CT, out of which 299 (87.7%) had a normal classic anatomy and 42(13.3%) cases had a variant anatomy. VII Normal Portal vein anatomy was seen in 717 patients (79.94%) out of 878 patients. Trifurcation (Type I) variation was seen in 77 (8.8%) of the cases. Right posterior vein as first branch of MPV (Type II) variation was seen in 66 (7.5%) of the cases. Type III variation seen in 14 (1.6%) cases, type IV seen in 1 (0.1%) case and 3 cases had other types of variation which are not included in the variant, in which 2 patients had an absent Left Portal vein and 1 case had a division of the main portal vein into segment VI, segment VII, right anterior portal vein, and left portal vein as a “quadfurcation”.
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    Inadvertent thyroid radiation during Chest CT exam at  TASH, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia  From July 2018 ‐ January 2019 
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-11) Miliard, Hermon; Kebede, Tesfaye(MD, Associate Professor of Radiology); Dr.Teferi, Seife (Ph.D), Associate Professor
    Background The thyroid gland, located between C5 and T1 vertebrae, is a butterfly shaped endocrine gland which is divided into two lobes and connected by an isthmus [1]. Along with the breast, lung and bone marrow, thyroid gland is among the most sensitive organs for radiation due to their rapid cell division [2]. The potential risk factors for thyroid carcinoma development include genetic predisposition, exposure to therapeutic or environmental ionizing radiation, residence in areas of iodine deficiency or excess, history of preexisting benign thyroid disease, as well as hormonal and reproductive factors. [3] The radiation dose (mGy) towards the thyroid gland is greater during Chest CT as compared to Head CT and Paranasal sinus CT. The association between radiation exposure and the occurrence of thyroid cancer has been well documented, and the two main risk factors for the development of a thyroid cancer are the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid gland and the age at exposure. The risk increases after exposure to a mean dose of more than 0.05-0.1 Gy (50100mGy). The risk is more important during childhood and decreases with increased age at exposure, being low in adults [4]. Objective This study is designed to assess the rate of unnecessary radiation exposure to the thyroid gland in patients who presented to radiology department and had Computed Tomography of the chest at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Method Hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1306 patients who underwent a chest CT at TASH and thyroid gland inclusion in these studies along with the CT dose of the studies were evaluated over a period of 6 months from July 2018 to January 2019. 7 Data was collected by evaluating chest CT scans from PACS (Medweb). The data was checked for clarity and completeness. Computerized data analysis was conducted by using SPSS version 24.0 software. Result 1803 Chest CT scans were done over a period of 6 months out of which, 341 were chest along with another body part (chest + abdomen, chest + head and neck, etc); 83 had missing variables (such as DLP, CTDIvol and/or mean CTDI); 35 had thyroid pathology; 23 scans were done for CT guided biopsy purpose and 15 patients had scans done at least twice within this time frame for which the most latest scan was reported and the others reported as ‘previous CT’s. These data’s, in accordance with the exclusion criteria, were not included. 1306 patient CT scan were included in this study over a period 6 months. Intravenous iodinated contrast media was used in 95.4% of the CT scans. Thyroid was included in 99.8% of the scans, out of which 76.9% included the whole thyroid gland. 12.6% of the patients were scanned previously in addition to the current one. Among the patients who had previous CT scans, 75.3% had one previous scan and 24.7% had two previous scans. Female had lower scan length compared to male. There was a tendency for linear increment in scan length as age increases. The mean ED was slightly higher than the recommended ED of 57mSv with, however, 5% (calculated by conversion factor of ICRP 60) and 7% (ICRP 103) were exposed for higher than the recommended ED (2-20mSv).