Browsing by Author "Kebede, Gashaw"
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Item Agricultural Information Network For Ethiopia : Need, Functions and Implementation Strategy(Addis Ababa University, 1992-06) Kebede, Gashaw; Neelameghan, A. (Prof.)The relevance and viability of cooperative approach by forming a network of existing information service units in the country to address commonly faced shortcomings in agricultural information provision was assessed and discussed. A review of literature on various aspects of information ne tworking was made mainly to draw up a general framework and basic pri nciples essential to asse ss viability, to determine possible and viable areas of cooperation and to establish the particular type of net work required. A preliminary survey on problems, resource capability and attitude to networking on the existing information service units in Ethi opia using questionnaire supported by selected interview was conducted. The results revealed shortages in information sources, skilled personnel, and equipment and facility; and cumbersome organizational structures are widespread. standardization and bibliographic control tools are also a bsent. Local publications are neglected areas. Financial resource limitations are major problems. The information services provided are limited to reading and lending services by large. All these are constraints in the improvements . of the services immedi tely. staff will i ngness to appr oach , the" existing problems cooperatively was high. Also surveyed with a different questionnaire were agricult ural information users of the surveyed information service units so as to assess their reaction to and opinions about the available servi ces which t he ne t wor k could t ake into cons i de r ation as i t s ultimate goal. Al t hough at present books are t he most used, journals and loca l pUblica t ions are rep o r ted t o be in great demand. Liter ature s e a r ch, phot ocopying, doc ument delivery are a lso requi red. The ma jority are dissati s f i ed with their in forma t ion servi ce units beca us e their information ne eds are not met. However, many seem to appreciate a cooper ative approach to the ser vices although at present many are less frequent us ers of other similar information units in the country. Taking into consideration what is affordable by the existing units on the one hand and the need to addr ess t he pressing problems on the other, feasi ble areas for a network were identified ,namely, establishing union c atalogues of holdings and list of local publications, limited interl ibr ary loan, t raining and standardization with focus on laying the g r ound for further wider cooperation leading towar ds meeting the expressed as well as generally r equired needs of users and to assist the services achieve better standards of service and r esource base. Recommendations are made to initiate the network and make it operational.Item Agricultural Information Network For Ethiopia : Needs, Functions and Implementation Strategy(Addis Ababa University, 1992-06) Kebede, Gashaw; Lancaster, F.W.Prof.The relevance e and viability of cooperative approach by forming a network of existing information service units in the country to address commonly faced shortcomings in agricultural information provision was assessed and discussed. A review of literature on various aspects of information networking was made mainly to draw up a general framework and basic principles essential to assess viability, to determine possible and viable areas of cooperation and to establish the particular type of network required. A preliminary survey on problems, resource capability and attitude to networking on the existing information service units in Ethiopia using questionnaire supported by selected interview was conducted. The results revealed shortages in information sources, skilled personnel, and equipment organizational structures are and facility; and cumbersome widespread. Standardization and bibliographic control tools are also absent. Local publications are neglected areas. Financial resource limitations are major problems. The information services provided are limited to reading and lending services by large. All these are constraints in the improvements of the services immediately. Staff willingness to approach the existing problems cooperatively was high. Also surveyed with a different questionnaire were agricultural information users of the surveyed information service units so as to assess their reaction to and opinions about the available services which the network could take into consideration as its ultimate goal. Although at present books a re the most used, journals and local publications are reported to be in great demand. Literature search, photocopying, document delivery are also required. The majority are dissatisfied with their information service units because their information needs are not met. However, many seem to appreciate a cooperative approach to the services although at present many are less frequent users of other similar information units in the country. Taking into consideration what is affordable by the existing units on the one hand and the need to address the pressing problems on the other, feasible areas for a network were identified ,namely, establishing union catalogues of holdings and list of local publications, limited inter library loan, training and standardization with focus on laying the ground for further wider cooperation leading towards meeting the expressed as well as generally required needs of achieve better standards users and of service to assist the services and resource base. Recommendations are made to initiate the network and make it operational.Item Constructing Predictive Model for Network Intrusion Detection(2012-06) Dagne, Tigabu; Kebede, GashawWhile advances in computer and communications technology have made the network ubiquitous, they have also rendered networked systems vulnerable to malicious attacks devised from a distance. These attacks or intrusions start with attackers infiltrating a network through a vulnerable host and then launching further attacks on the local network or Intranet. Nowadays, system administrators and network professionals can attempt to prevent such attacks by developing intrusion detection tools and systems using data mining technology. In this study, the experiments were conducted following the Knowledge Discovery in Database process model. The Knowledge Discovery in Database process model starts from selection of the datasets. The dataset used in this study has been taken from Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln laboratory. After taking the data, it has been preprocessed. The major preprocessing activities include fill in missed values, remove outliers; resolve inconsistencies, integration of data that contains both labeled and unlabeled datasets, dimensionality reduction, size reduction and data transformation activity like discretization tasks were done for this study. A total of 21,533 intrusion records are used for training the models. For validating the performance of the selected model a separate 3,397 records are used as a testing set. For building a predictive model for intrusion detection J48 decision tree and the Naïve Bayes algorithms have been tasted as a classification approach for both with and without feature selection approaches. The model that was created using 10-fold cross validation using the J48 decision tree algorithm with the default parameter values showed the best classification accuracy. The model has a prediction accuracy of 96.11% on the training datasets and 93.2% on the test dataset to classify the new instances as normal, DOS, U2R, R2L and probe classes. The findings of this study have shown that the data mining methods generates interesting rules that are crucial for intrusion detection and prevention in the networking industry. Future research directions are forwarded to come up an applicable system in the area of the studyItem Knowledge Based System for Pre-medical Triage Treatment at Adama University Asella Hospital(Addis Ababa University, 2012-01) Aboneh, Tagel; Kebede, GashawHealth problems touch every aspect of human life such as health condition, working environment, family life, social relations, economic and political activities of every endeavor. However, health care services are not efficient throughout the world as it is required to be. While the burden of chronic disease in sub-Saharan Africa is very high, the current density and distribution of the health workforce suggested that sub-Saharan Africa can’t respond to the growing demand of chronic disease care. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries in sub- Sahara Africa. In Ethiopia the health problems are a hot issue for every stakeholder, to minimize the death of citizen by different chronic diseases. In the health domain the gap exists due to low patient handling capacity of health institutions and the growing demand of individuals who need response from the health sectors. The major challenge for health service in the country is shortage of skilled manpower in the health sector. In Ethiopia the number of health professionals and patients’ demand are disproportionate. Some indicators of these problems are holding capacity mismatch, which includes emergency department (ED) over-crowded by number of patients’, ambulance service problem and boarding of admitted patients due to lack of hospital beds. Most patients experience very lengthy wait before receiving care, and some leave without getting treatment. Lacks of enough knowledge among primary health care workers, allocation of insufficient budgets for health sectors and the absence of adequate awareness about epidemic illnesses are the other challenges that create obstacles to address the health care services satisfactorily. The factors are the challenges that affect the quality of health care service in hospitals and reduce the quality of decisions made by physicians in the domain area. As a result, objective of the study was to investigate the applicability of rule-based reasoning approach in the development of knowledge based system for hospital triage service so as to improve the quality of decision made by general practitioners, to provide effective and efficient services to the patients and to improve shortage of human expert in specific domain area. To achieve this objective, domain knowledge is acquired using semi-structured interview technique is implemented. Domain experts are selected from Adama University Asella hospital IX using purposive sampling instrument. In addition, secondary data is acquired from different sources such as journal articles, health care guidelines, manuals, books and different websites. The conceptual model of the knowledge based system used a decision tree structure which is easy to understand and interpret the procedures involved in patient diagnoses. Based on the conceptual model, the prototype is developed with LPA WIN prolog by using ‘if – then’ rules. The prototype developed uses backward chaining to infer the rules and provide appropriate recommendations. Generally, the performance of the prototype knowledge based system has got good acceptance by the system evaluators. According to the system evaluators 85% of the users are satisfied with the prototype. In addition, the performance of the system is evaluated by using predictive validation techniques with twenty test cases. The results of the validation test case indicate that the prototype is about 80% accurate. In the end, some recommendations are forwarded such as the integration of rule based reasoning with case based reasoning to improve the performance of the inference engine, to develop the knowledge based system in different local languages to enable the users to communicate using their own local language and to further strengthen the study in the domain area.