Browsing by Author "Kalkidan Asnake"

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    Assessment of Urban Tree Canopy Cover: Case of Hawasa City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-01) Gemeda Mekuria Habte; Kalkidan Asnake
    Urban Areas Face Increasing Challenges Related To Environmental Sustainability, With The Inadequate Of Green Infrastructure And Tree Canopy Coverage Being A Pressing Concern. This Study Focuses On The Assessment Of Tree Canopy Coverage In Hawasa City, Offering Crucial Insights Into The Multifaceted Benefits It Provides. Methodology Involves Itree, Remote Sensing, GIS Mapping, And Field Surveys, The Research Reveals That The Total Tree Canopy Cover In The City Is Approximately 18%. This Canopy Cover Serves As A Significant Carbon Sink, Storing And Sequestering Around 565,160 Tons Of Carbon, Thereby Contributing To The Mitigation Of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels. Additionally, The Study Finds That The Existing Tree Canopy Generates Substantial Economic Savings, Amounting To $27,321,773 Per Square Mile Per Year, By Reducing Energy Costs Associated With Indoor Cooling. Moreover, The Environmental Advantages Extend To Storm Water Management, With A Reduction Of 135,590 Liters Of Runoff Per Square Mile Per Year. This Not Only Aids In Preventing Property Damage But Also Results In A Significant Cost Savings Estimated At $320 Per Square Mile Per Year. The Study Further Highlights The Role Of Tree Canopy In Mitigating Urban Heat Island By Absorption Heat Energy That Come From The Sun, Revealing That In Each Square Meter Of Land, Light-Leafed Trees Absorb Only 615.18W Of The Solar Heat Energy And Reflecting 307.59W Back Into The Atmosphere. These Findings Underline The Holistic Benefits Of Preserving And Enhancing Tree Canopy Coverage In Urban Areas, Providing A Foundation For Evidence-Based Decision-Making By City Planners And Policymakers. The Methodologies Employed In This Study Offer A Replicable Framework For Similar Assessments, Encouraging The Adoption Of Sustainable Practices. Therefore, The Hawassa City Administration Should Set Tree Cover Targets To Achieve The Desired Balance Between Green And Grey Infrastructure And Enhance The Climate Resilience Level Of The Study Area.
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    Production of monoclonal antibody for lumpy skin disease, sheep pox, and goat pox viruses to develop Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    (Addis Abeba University, 2024) Kalkidan Asnake; Fufa Dawo
    Lumpy skin disease (LSD), sheeppox (SPP), and goatpox (GTP) are economically significant pox disease of ruminants, caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), respectively. The new emergence of disease caused by capripoxviruses and spreading outside of their endemic regions, stressing the urgent need to develop high-throughput serological surveillance tools. This experimental study was conducted to produce Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against LSDV, SPPV, and GTPV to development ELISA assay. The study was conducted in African Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), from October 2023 to May 2024. The mAbs were produced through immunization of BALB/C mice with purified antigen of LSD, SPP, and GTP, with consecutive booster injection. A hybridoma technology was used to produce the hybridoma clones (LC 5.14 and LC 5.4) which were subsequently mass-produced and tested. These LC 5.14 and LC 5.4 mAbs were precipitated and then quantified through the Bicinchoninic Acid protein assay kit. The isotype for the two mAbs were determined through Pierceā„¢ Rapid Antibody Isotyping Kit, and both mAbs were IgG1. The cross-reaction of the two mAbs with GTPV and SPPV Ag were studied and those two mAbs were cross-reacted with the GTPV Ag but not with the SPPV Ag LC 5.14 and LC 5.4 mAbs were then conjugated with horseradish peroxidase enzyme; hence enzyme linked mAbs were used for ELISA development. The dot blot test was conducted by using of the LSDV, SPPV, and GTPV Ags with the two conjugated mAbs on the nitrocellulose membrane. Finally, the conjugated mAbs (LC 5.14 and LC 5.4) were titrated to determine the concentration which is required for ELISA test, and the titer of 1/10 for LC 5.14 and titer of 1/5 for LC 5.4 were determined to use for ELISA assay. Further repeated tests with the positive serum from immunized cattle, sheep, and goat and the negative serum from the same species of animals are required to produce the validate kit which can be used as a diagnostic purpose for the capripoxviruses.