Browsing by Author "Jemal Alemu"

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    Effect of Phototherapy on Hematological Profile of Newborns with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-13) Kidist Ababu; Jemal Alemu
    Background: Newborns frequently experience unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Phototherapy, a non-invasive and effective treatment, converts bilirubin into water-soluble forms. Despite its overall safety, phototherapy is discovered to be linked with various adverse effects and its effects on hematological profiles need more investigation. Objective: To assess the effect of phototherapy on hematological profile of newborns with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February to April 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College from February to April 2024, involving 195 newborns exhibiting unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia to determine effects of phototherapy in their hematological profiles. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The study employed the Mindray BC-6800plus auto hematology analyzer. The analysis was performed using a paired t test in SPSS version 25, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Result: Out of a total 195 newborn participants 152 (77.9%) were male. Statistically significant changes in several hematological parameters determined. RBC counts decreased from 4.74 to 4.43 x 10^12 / L (p < 0.001), hemoglobin levels from 168.1 to 162.0 g/L (p < 0.001), and hematocrit from 45.17% to 44.19% (p = 0.003), with significant reductions at 24 and 48 hours (p < 0.01) but not at 72 hours. WBC counts increased from 9.90 to 11.02 x 10^9 / L (p < 0.001), along with a rise in lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.001) and a decrease in monocyte percentage decreased from 8.68% to 7.12% (p < 0.001) at 24 and 48 hours but not at 72 hours. Additionally, MCHC decreased from 372.2 g/L to 365.6 g/L (p = 0.022), and RDW decreased from 16.16% to 15.83% (p = 0.005), platelet count decrease from 220.52 to 207.72 10^9 / L (p < 0.001). Other parameters did not exhibit significant changes. Conclusion: Phototherapy was found to significantly decrease bilirubin levels, RBC count, hemoglobin levels, HCT, MCHC, monocyte percentage, and platelet count while WBC count increased, along with lymphocyte percentage. To optimize newborn care, it is essential to monitor hematological parameters closely during phototherapy. Key words: Phototherapy, Hematological Profile, Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Newborn
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    Hematological Profile of HIV Infected Adult Individuals After Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) at Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Jemal Alemu; Aster Tsegaye
    Background: Treatment of HIV infected patients with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) leads to immune reconstitution as shown by increase in CD4+ lymphocyte counts, decreased risk of opportunistic infection and improve survival, however, little is known about its impact on hematological parameters in resource limited settings like Ethiopia. Objective: To assess hematological profile among adult HIV infected individuals at the baseline and six month after initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV infected adult patients who attended ART clinic and received HAART between September 2005 and August 2010 at ART clinic of Black Lion Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 379 subjects were selected based on convenience sampling. Demographic, clinical and hematological (WBC, CD4+ T cells, Hgb and Platelets) data were collected between July and August 2010 carefully from the existing ART logbook and patient follow up cards accordingly.Selected hematological abnormalities were defined as leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia and immunodeficiency. Data collected through a standardized questionnaire were entered into Excel spread sheet and transported into and analyzed by SPSS Version 15.0 soft ware (SPSS INC, Chicago, IL, USA).Median change of different hematological values during follow up time between consecutive visits and each follow up from the base line were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: At the baseline 379 subjects who started ART from September 2005 to August 2010 were included in the study; 240 of the patients were females. The subjects studied had a baseline CD4+ T cells count ranging from 4-573 cells/ul, median 111 cells/uL IQR (72-176). 329 (86.8%) of the study subjects were having CD4 + T cell count below 200 cells/ul and CD4+ T cell count of<50 cells/ul was seen in 69(18.2%) patients. Moreover, 25 (9.5 %) of the patients were leucopenic, 104 (43.3 %) of females and 60(43.2%) of males were anemic while 60(15.8 %) of the total 379 patients were thrombocytopenic. After six month initiation of HAART, the median CD4+ T cell count was 190 cells/uL IQR (128-278), thrombocytopenia was seen only in 25(6.6%) of the patients and 25 (6.6 %) were leucopenic. The prevalence of anemia was only 22.7 % and 18.8 % in females and males respectively. Conclusion: HAART improved CD4+T cell count, Hgb, white blood cells and platelet count of HIV infected individuals. The difference in hematological parameters between baseline and after 6 month initiation of HAART was statistically significant (P< 0.05).